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Improving mechanical properties and biocompatibility of 3D printed PLA by the addition of PEG and titanium particles, using a novel incorporation method

Asadollahi, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2022

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2022.e00228
  3. Publisher: Elsevier B.V , 2022
  4. Abstract:
  5. Polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds produced by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method have biocompatibility, close Young's modulus to that of bone, and the ability to make complex shapes. However, PLA has some drawbacks like brittleness, inappropriate mechanical strength and hydrophobicity, and a low degradation rate. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5 and 10 wt%) by solving method and titanium (Ti) particles (5 wt%) by two different methods were mixed with PLA to address the mentioned problems. Extruded filaments were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Surface morphology of the produced filaments was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mechanical properties of the 3D-printed samples were evaluated by tensile and compressive tests. To investigate the hydrophilicity of the samples, contact angle test was employed. Also, some scaffolds were printed from each sample to evaluate printability and print accuracy. In addition, the cell adhesion and cell viability of pure PLA and Ti/PEG-containing scaffolds were investigated. According to the obtained results, when PEG (by solving method) and Ti (by using DCM method) are simultaneously added to PLA, ductility of the sample is enhanced significantly without any loss of strength. Also, the contact angle was reduced by 25°, which was due to the simultaneous effect of hydrophilicity of PEG and the produced roughness by Ti particles. The mentioned enhancements were achieved without significantly reducing the printing quality. Also, the surface roughness of the scaffold increased to an optimum level. In addition, a significant improvement in cell adhesion and cytotoxicity was obtained in the Ti/PEG-containing scaffold compared to pure PLA. In this study, a novel method was introduced for mixing metallic particles such as Ti with PLA, which enhanced the particle distribution in the PLA matrix and avoided any agglomeration. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
  6. Keywords:
  7. 3D printing ; FDM ; PEG ; PLA ; Polymer-based composite ; Titanium particles ; Macrogol ; Polylactic acid ; Titanium ; Atomic force microscopy ; Biocompatibility ; Biomechanics ; Cell adhesion ; Cell aggregation ; Cell culture ; Cell structure ; Cell viability ; Compressive strength ; Computer aided design ; Cross linking ; Crystal structure ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy ; Fourier transform ; Fused deposition modeling ; Glass transition temperature ; Hydrogen bond ; Infrared radiation ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Melting point ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Surface property ; Thermal analysis ; Three dimensional printing ; Tissue engineering ; Water transport ; X ray diffraction
  8. Source: Bioprinting ; Volume 27 , 2022 ; 24058866 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405886622000380