Sharif Digital Repository

The effects of severe plastic deformation on properties of AA1100 and AA2024 including the ultrasound velocity and the shear strength during multi-axial compression (MAC) are studied. Additionally, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy are utilized. For both AA1100 and AA2024, an opposite trend is reported in the shear strength and the sound velocity versus deformation strain of MAC. At high strain range, AA1100 and AA2024 samples reach a plateau in the strength due to the occurrence of dynamic recovery. On the other hand, the sound velocity is shown to decrease 11% and 15% for AA1100 and AA2024, respectively. Furthermore, the... 

Crumb rubber modification (CRM) is an effective means of improving neat asphalt performance. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of CRM using the current Superpave® laboratory tests. Recent studies have shown that the assumption of linear viscoelastic behavior or employing insufficient stress or strain levels makes current tests inadequate for properly assessing the performance of binders, especially when modified. This problem has resulted in the development of improved test methods such as the time sweep binder fatigue test and the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test for permanent deformation. The present study assesses the performance of binders modified with a wide... 

A mathematical model is proposed for evaluating flow behaviour under hot deformation conditions. The effects of dynamic recovery and recrystallisation as well as temperature and strain rate variations are considered in the model by means of Bergstrom's approach and the additivity rule for strain. To verify the model, hot compression tests for three grades of steel together with upsetting experiments are carried out. Comparison between experimental and theoretical results confirms the reliability of the model. © 2003 IoM Communications Ltd. Published by Maney for the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining  

In this paper, a reduced order model for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the wind turbine blade under operational loading is presented. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model are investigated through various static and dynamic analyses. A comprehensive straightforward formulation for the nonlinear beam model is developed based on different large deformation strain theories. Also, the fluid-structure coupling effects due to quasi-steady aerodynamics and gravitational forces are included. The new matrix expressions are introduced for direct conversion of the developed formulation into the reduced order model (ROM). Thereafter, the ROM based on the Galerkin method is developed... 

In this paper, the concept of energy pairs in the micropolar continuum is introduced. A brief review of the micropolar continuum theory is presented for using in the subsequent derivations. A mathematical Lagrangian strain and a wryness tensor for the micropolar continuum are introduced. Using the first law of thermodynamics and for isothermal processes, the power of deformation is obtained and the energy pairs in the Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions are defined. Also, the micropolar stress and couple stress tensors which are energy pairs to the micropolar Lagrangian strain and wryness measures are determined. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved  

The dynamic and static softening phenomena in Al-6Mg alloy were studied through interrupted two-stage hot compression test performed isothermally at 480°C and strain rate range of 0.001-0.1 s-1. The interruptions of 29 and 90 s were considered when the true strain reached 0.5. It was concluded that the effect of static softening on the flow stress was not highlighted by extending the interruption at a constant strain rate. Also, it was exhibited that softening rate highly enhanced with the strain rate decrement at a constant time. Moreover, the static and dynamic recrystallization was revealed as the dominant softening mechanisms at low and high strain rates, respectively  

Stress-relieved Al-Mn-Si specimens were constrained groove pressed (CGPed) and in the following, cold-rolled under different strains of 0.47, 0.8 and 1.27. Dual strained sheets were isothermally heat treated at 150, 250, and 350 °C. Microstructure survey revealed that generated shear-bands by CGP acted as talent sites for further strain-induced grain boundary migration (SIGBM) during annealing. SEM micrographs pointed out that coarse particles (1 μm <) had not preferential positions within the aluminum matrix and often comminuted into fine dispersoids (0.5 μm >) under heavy strains. Assessment of the softening fraction (Rrec) depicted that greater accumulated strains along with higher... 

Based on elasticity theory the reduced form of displacement field is developed for long antisymmertic angle-ply composite laminates subjected to extensional and/or torsional loads. Analytical solutions to the edge-effect problem of such laminates under a uniform axial strain are developed using the first-order shear deformation theory of plates and Reddy's layerwise theory. For a special set of boundary conditions an elasticity solution is presented to verify the validity and accuracy of the layerwise theory. Various numerical results are then developed within the layerwise theory for the interlaminar stresses through the thickness and across the interfaces of antisymmetric angle-ply... 

In this research, a general solution of volume constancy differential equation is presented based on the equation of deformation field for a general process. As the Bezier method is suitable for construction of complex geometries, the solution is used in conjunction with the Bezier method to analyze the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process of rectangular cross section. Thus, a generalized kinematically admissible velocity field is derived from the equation of deformation zone such that the compatibility of the surface representing the deformation zone is fulfilled. The effects of die angle, friction between the billet and die wall, and the angle of outer curved corner, on extrusion... 

Artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm were used in this study to obtain a relatively high flow stress in compression tests for 304 stainless steel. Cold and warm compression were carried out in a temperature range from 20 to 600 °C, strain-rate from 0.001 to 100 S-1 and a strain range from 0.1 to 0.5. Optimum conditions for each case were obtained experimentally and were evaluated by the ANN model. The ANN model was used as fitness function for genetic algorithm. The results indicated that this combined algorithm offers an effective condition for 304 stainless steel, which avoids flow localization, dynamic strain aging, adiabatic shear deformation and void generation. © 2005... 

The hot deformation behavior of nickel-base superalloy UDIMET 720 in solution-treated conditions, simulating the forging process of the alloy, was studied using hot compression experiments. Specimens were deformed in the temperature range of 1000 °C to 1175 °C with strain rates of 10-3 to 1 s-1 and total strain of 0.8. Below 1100 °C, all specimens showed flow localization as shear band through the diagonal direction, with more severity at higher strain rates. A uniform deformation was observed when testing between 1100 °C and 1150 °C with dynamic recrystallization as the major flow softening mechanism above 1125 °C. Deformation above γ' solvus temperature was accompanied with grain boundary... 

A novel SPD process for manufacturing of high strength tubes and cylinders by accumulative spin-bonding (ASB) is proposed. It is demonstrated that due to incremental deformation in this process, high strain rate without considerable temperature rise is achieved. This is accompanied with a high value of Zener-Hollomon parameter as a characteristic of this SPD process. ASB was applied to a commercially pure aluminum up to four cycles and its effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties were examined by optical microscopy, TEM, EBSD, microhardness and tension tests. The results show that ultra-fine grains are developed during the process by formation of subgrains at early stages... 

Pure copper processed by a twist extrusion process with a reduced twist-line slope is investigated. Twist extrusion is a severe plastic deformation technique which is promising for scale-up because it allows for processing of relatively large metallic bars. On the way to commercialization, decreasing costs associated with processing is critical for twist extrusion. As one of the measures, reducing the twist-line slope - an important geometrical feature of twist extrusion - can be advantageous in terms of processing costs. The current study seeks to elucidate effects of reducing the twist-line slope on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and their heterogeneity in the processed metal,... 

In this study a severe plastic deformation method called constrained groove pressing (CGP) is used for imposing a high magnitude of strain into the low carbon steel sheets. Microstructural changes during process are examined by X-ray diffraction and optical observations. The grain size evolution during severe plastic deformation is studied using Williamson-Hall analysis on XRD pattern of the deformed samples. In effective strain of 4.64, ferrite grains with a submicron size of 200-300nm are achieved. The results show that constrained groove pressing can effectively refine the coarse-grained structure to an ultra fine grain range. Mechanical properties changes due to microstructure evolution... 

In this study, multi-directional forging (MDF) as a severe plastic deformation method, annealing, and compression test at different strain rates are applied on pure aluminum. One of the main observations is when the number of MDF passes is increased, the hardness is risen. The most noticeable reduction in hardness occurs when the MDFed samples are annealed at 350 and 450 °C. Moreover, increasing the number of MDF passes and the strain rate of the compression test cause the increase in the yield stress of the samples. If the MDFed samples are non-annealed or if they are annealed at a maximum temperature of 250 °C, the effect of an increase in the number of passes on the yield stress is more... 

A new Voronoi diagram in Laguerre geometry based on closed-pack non-overlapping circles was proposed. This diagram was used to simulate microstructure of severely deformed materials at different applied strains. Grains size and their fractions were introduced by controlling the size and distribution of nuclei. Edge number distribution and neighboring cells edge number along with area distribution of the simulated Voronoi cells were determined. The edge number distribution was observed to fit gamma distribution more accurately. However, due to high inhomogeneity in the microstructure of the deformed samples at low strains, edge number distribution could not be matched by any distribution... 

Recently, isogeometric methodology has been successfully implemented in one-step inverse analysis of sheet metal stamping processes. However, these models are not capable of analyzing forming processes which require severe deformation and/or several forming stages. This paper presents a multi-step inverse isogeometric methodology to enhance the precision of one-step models in predictions of the initial blank, strain distributions, and drawability of the formed parts. This methodology deals with the minimization of potential energy, deformation theory of plasticity, and considering membrane elements. The presented methodology utilizes the NURBS basis functions to create the final, middle, and... 

Commercial purity aluminum sheets are subjected to a severe plastic deformation technique called constrained groove pressing. In this study for the first time by using some technical optimizations, a strain magnitude of 6.9 is imposed to the sheets. The grain size evolution during severe plastic deformation is studied using Williamson-Hall analysis on X-ray diffraction pattern of the deformed samples. These results and transmission electron microscopy observations show that constrained groove pressing process can effectively refine the coarse-grained structure to an ultrafine grain range. The results of mechanical tests show that imposing strain in range of 0-5.75 causes to strengthening of... 

True stress vs. true strain responses of Cu-6 wt.% Al and Cu-12 wt.% Mn alloys are presented. While Cu-6 wt.% Al alloy shows the typical mechanical response of low stacking fault energy alloys, the Cu-12 wt.% Mn alloy behaved similarly to medium to high stacking fault energy alloys. These findings clearly show that while short-range ordering triggers slip planarity, it has a minor effect on total dynamic recovery of these copper alloys  

We investigate eigenvectors of rank-one deformations of random matrices B = A + θuu* in which A ∈ RN×N is a Wigner real symmetric random matrix, θ ∈ R+, and u is uniformly distributed on the unit sphere. It is well known that for θ > 1 the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of B closely estimates u asymptotically, while for θ < 1 the eigenvectors of B are uninformative about u. We examine O(1/N) correlation of eigenvectors with u before phase transition and show that eigenvectors with larger eigenvalue exhibit stronger alignment with deforming vector through an explicit inverse law 1/θ*-x with θ* := θ + 1/θ. This distribution function will be shown to be the ordinary...