Sharif Digital Repository

In this research the effects of cold deformation and heating to the semi-solid temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast dendritic and non-dendritic structures of A356 alloy were investigated. To produce the non-dendritic samples, the semi-solid slurry was obtained by electromagnetic stirring and rheoforged and then the samples were heated to semi-solid temperature. In order to impose the deformation to the dendritic and non-dendritic samples, multidirectional forging process was used. Non-dendritic samples were deformed with applying one to three passes of the multidirectional forging and then were kept at the semi-solid range of temperature again. Microstructural and... 

Pure copper processed by a twist extrusion process with a reduced twist-line slope is investigated. Twist extrusion is a severe plastic deformation technique which is promising for scale-up because it allows for processing of relatively large metallic bars. On the way to commercialization, decreasing costs associated with processing is critical for twist extrusion. As one of the measures, reducing the twist-line slope - an important geometrical feature of twist extrusion - can be advantageous in terms of processing costs. The current study seeks to elucidate effects of reducing the twist-line slope on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and their heterogeneity in the processed metal,... 

The current study proposes a simple constitutive model that integrates the kinetics of precipitation during static aging and the kinetics of precipitate dissolution during preheating to deformation temperature to predict the hot flow behavior of AA6063 alloy. The model relates the flow behavior of the age-hardenable alloy to the alloy chemistry, thermal history as well as deformation temperature, strain, and strain rate by means of a physically based model. Different aging conditions, including supersaturated solid solution and overaging conditions with different deformation parameters, were assessed. Each part of the model was in good agreement with those of experimental and other model... 

In this research, a general solution of volume constancy differential equation is presented based on the equation of deformation field for a general process. As the Bezier method is suitable for construction of complex geometries, the solution is used in conjunction with the Bezier method to analyze the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process of rectangular cross section. Thus, a generalized kinematically admissible velocity field is derived from the equation of deformation zone such that the compatibility of the surface representing the deformation zone is fulfilled. The effects of die angle, friction between the billet and die wall, and the angle of outer curved corner, on extrusion... 

The deformation behavior of solid solution-treated AA6061 tubes in a novel severe plastic deformation process named Tube Channel Pressing has been assessed. In order to do so, an analysis based on the finite element method and dislocation density model is utilized, and microhardness measurement is carried out to verify the trends of analysis results. By comparing FEM results with experimental data, the optimized geometrical parameters controlling the deformation behavior of the tube in tube channel pressing are determined to obtain the best strain homogeneity and minimum dimensional changes in tube  

In this study, a set of constitutive equation corrected for deformation heating is proposed for a near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy using isothermal hot compression tests in temperature range of 700 to 1000 °C and strain rate of 0.001 to 1 s -1. In order to determine the temperature rise due to deformation heating, Abaqus simulation was employed and varied thermal properties were considered in the simulation. The results of hot compression tests showed that at low pre-set temperatures and high strain rates the flow curves exhibit a softening, while after correction of deformation heating the softening is vanished. Using the corrected flow curves, the power-law constitutive equation of... 

Simple compression and microscopy techniques were employed to characterise the microstructural origin of the deformation behaviour of nickel base superalloy IN625 during large strain testing. The alloy exhibited a four-stage strain hardening response similar to that previously reported for low stacking fault energy face centred cubic alloys. At strains lower than about -0.06 (stage A), a falling regime of the hardening rate was observed. This stage was followed by a second stage (stage B) of slow increasing hardening rate, which was found to be coincident with the formation of Lomer-Cottrell locks. The second falling regime of strain hardening (stage C) was seen in the strain range of -0.25... 

A new Voronoi diagram in Laguerre geometry based on closed-pack non-overlapping circles was proposed. This diagram was used to simulate microstructure of severely deformed materials at different applied strains. Grains size and their fractions were introduced by controlling the size and distribution of nuclei. Edge number distribution and neighboring cells edge number along with area distribution of the simulated Voronoi cells were determined. The edge number distribution was observed to fit gamma distribution more accurately. However, due to high inhomogeneity in the microstructure of the deformed samples at low strains, edge number distribution could not be matched by any distribution... 

This paper proposes a new visco-hyperelastic constitutive law for modeling the finite-deformation strain rate-dependent behavior of foams as compressible elastomers. The proposed model is based on a phenomenological Zener model, which consists of a hyperelastic equilibrium spring and a Maxwell element parallel to it. The hyperelastic equilibrium spring describes the steady state response. The Maxwell element, which captures the rate-dependency behavior, consists of a nonlinear viscous damper connected in series to a hyperelastic intermediate spring. The nonlinear damper controls the rate-dependency of the Maxwell element. Some strain energy potential functions are proposed for the two... 

Al6063 powder was subjected to severe plastic deformation via high-energy mechanical milling to prepare ultrafine-grained (UFG) aluminium alloy. Uniaxial compression test at various temperatures between 300 and 450 °C and strain rates between 0.01 and 1 s-1 was carried out to evaluate hot workability of the material. Microstructural studies were performed by EBSD and TEM. The average activation energy and strain rate sensitivity of the hot deformation process were determined to be 280 kJ mol-1 and 0.05, respectively. The deformation temperature and applied strain rate significantly affected the grain structure of UFG Al alloy. A finer grain structure was obtained at lower temperatures and... 

In this paper, a reduced order model for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the wind turbine blade under operational loading is presented. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model are investigated through various static and dynamic analyses. A comprehensive straightforward formulation for the nonlinear beam model is developed based on different large deformation strain theories. Also, the fluid-structure coupling effects due to quasi-steady aerodynamics and gravitational forces are included. The new matrix expressions are introduced for direct conversion of the developed formulation into the reduced order model (ROM). Thereafter, the ROM based on the Galerkin method is developed... 

In this article, a novel energy-based lifetime prediction model has been presented for uncoated and coated aluminum alloys, subjected to thermal and mechanical fatigue loadings. For this objective, isothermal and thermo-mechanical fatigue tests were performed on the A356.0 alloy, with and without thermal barrier coating systems. This model, which was based on the plastic strain energy, had three correction factors including temperature, strain and mean stress effects. The predicted lifetime showed a proper agreement with experimental data. By the present model, higher accuracy was obtained in comparison to other existed approaches. Besides, the present model had lower number of material... 

Crumb rubber modification (CRM) is an effective means of improving neat asphalt performance. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of CRM using the current Superpave® laboratory tests. Recent studies have shown that the assumption of linear viscoelastic behavior or employing insufficient stress or strain levels makes current tests inadequate for properly assessing the performance of binders, especially when modified. This problem has resulted in the development of improved test methods such as the time sweep binder fatigue test and the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test for permanent deformation. The present study assesses the performance of binders modified with a wide... 

A novel SPD process for manufacturing of high strength tubes and cylinders by accumulative spin-bonding (ASB) is proposed. It is demonstrated that due to incremental deformation in this process, high strain rate without considerable temperature rise is achieved. This is accompanied with a high value of Zener-Hollomon parameter as a characteristic of this SPD process. ASB was applied to a commercially pure aluminum up to four cycles and its effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties were examined by optical microscopy, TEM, EBSD, microhardness and tension tests. The results show that ultra-fine grains are developed during the process by formation of subgrains at early stages... 

In this study a severe plastic deformation method called constrained groove pressing (CGP) is used for imposing a high magnitude of strain into the low carbon steel sheets. Microstructural changes during process are examined by X-ray diffraction and optical observations. The grain size evolution during severe plastic deformation is studied using Williamson-Hall analysis on XRD pattern of the deformed samples. In effective strain of 4.64, ferrite grains with a submicron size of 200-300nm are achieved. The results show that constrained groove pressing can effectively refine the coarse-grained structure to an ultra fine grain range. Mechanical properties changes due to microstructure evolution... 

True stress vs. true strain responses of Cu-6 wt.% Al and Cu-12 wt.% Mn alloys are presented. While Cu-6 wt.% Al alloy shows the typical mechanical response of low stacking fault energy alloys, the Cu-12 wt.% Mn alloy behaved similarly to medium to high stacking fault energy alloys. These findings clearly show that while short-range ordering triggers slip planarity, it has a minor effect on total dynamic recovery of these copper alloys  

In this paper, a deformation measure is introduced which leads to a class of strain measures in the Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions. In order to develop a constitutive equation, a second-order constitutive relation based on these strain measures is considered for modeling the mechanical behavior of solids at finite deformation. For this purpose and performance evaluation of the proposed strains, a Hookean-type constitutive equation is considered and the uniaxial loading as well as simple shear and pure shear tests are examined. It is shown that the constitutive modeling based on the proposed strains give results which are in good agreement with the experimental data  

The effects of die geometry on the deformation behavior of aluminum 6061 alloy tube in a novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) process called tube channel pressing (TCP) were studied using the Abaqus 6.10 software. Using the optimized die geometry, 1 to 3 passes of TCP is imposed not only to validate the simulation results, but also to investigate the performance of TCP as a SPD process. The finite element method (FEM) simulation results show that the moderated plastic strain, the lower inhomogeneity in distribution of plastic strain, and the lower risk of fracture during process can be obtained using the proper die geometry. In addition, the imposed strain is a mixture of shear strain and... 

The dynamic and static softening phenomena in Al-6Mg alloy were studied through interrupted two-stage hot compression test performed isothermally at 480°C and strain rate range of 0.001-0.1 s-1. The interruptions of 29 and 90 s were considered when the true strain reached 0.5. It was concluded that the effect of static softening on the flow stress was not highlighted by extending the interruption at a constant strain rate. Also, it was exhibited that softening rate highly enhanced with the strain rate decrement at a constant time. Moreover, the static and dynamic recrystallization was revealed as the dominant softening mechanisms at low and high strain rates, respectively  

Flow stress and ductility behaviors of the annealed and severely deformed Al were investigated at warm deformation temperatures. Constrained groove pressing (CGP) method as a severe plastic deformation process was used. The tensile test was carried out at the temperature range of the 298-573 K and strain rate range of 0.001-0.1 s−1 to present the elevated temperature deformation behavior utilizing hyperbolic sine constitutive equation. The flow stress of the CGPed sample is increased with the number of CGP passes and decreased with temperature. Dynamic recovery and strain softening are found as main restoration mechanisms. Flow stress amounts are not remarkably affected by the strain rate....