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Assessing the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles in Different Technology Development and Energy Supply Scenarios: A Case Study of Tehran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khajehpour, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Air pollution has been one of the most important problems in Tehran in recent years. So that the number of deaths due to air pollution in Tehran reaches more than 7000 cases per year. More than 75% of air pollutant emissions in Tehran city (including 60% of PM2.5 emissions) originate from mobile sources. Considering the harmful effects and damages caused by air pollutants, it is important to examine and evaluate the effects of hybrid-electric vehicles on the emissions of the transportation sector and air quality, especially in areas with a large population and realized high traffic load. On the other hand, the continuous reduction of renewable electricity production costs makes electricity a...
The Assessment of Cyber_Attacks on Electric Vehicles Charging by a Microgrid (Bus and Personal Vehicle)and Examining the Relevant Consequences in the Power Distribution Grid
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vakilian, Mehdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
Todays, thanks to the positive effects of electric vehicles, (against the vehicles which use patrol as their fuel), reduction of the Earth temperature and its climate change; the manufacturing, sale and use of electric vehicles experience a sharp increase. In addition to decreasing the air pollution, due to their abundant smart implications, they have been dramatically propagated. Massive use of these devices has raised the concern about the loss of the security which is indispensable part of the infrastructure. None of the past publications and works have taken the cyber-attack on the charging price rate and other data into account. In this thesis, charging methods of electric vehicles are...
Microgrid Energy Management with Optimal Operation of Electric Vehicles Parkinglots Considering Technical and Social Aspect
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Hamid (Supervisor)
Abstract
The presence of electric vehicle (EV) parking in distribution or microgrids can become a challenging issue for the power grid. If parking operators charge EVs parked in their parking facilities without coordination with the distribution or microgrid operator, they can impose a heavy burden on the grid, resulting in increased costs and problems in the power network. This study aims to address energy management in EV parking facilities in the distribution network by proposing a two-level model. In this two-level model, the high-level problem is the distribution network, and the low-level problem is the parking facility. At the high-level, the distribution network operator tries to maximize...
Designing the Structure of a PHEV Aggregator in Multi-Carrier Energy Environment
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Abbaspour Tehrani Fard, Ali (Supervisor) ; Fotuhi Firuzabad, Mahmoud (Supervisor)
Abstract
Large penetration of electric vehicles and distributed generation (DG) resources in upcoming years will change the future vision of distribution networks from some passive load points into active ones. The imposed load of electric vehicles charging has caused many new challenges in operation and planning studies of distribution network. In contrast, the abilities of electric vehicles in feeding back power into the network (V2G programs) has attracted attention from grid operators and also vehicles owners. So, the problem of managing charging and discharging behaviors of electric vehicles has been introduced as a hot research topic in recent year. This dissertation as the first effort in this...
Development and Evaluation of Improved Structures for EVs Integrated Battery Chargers Based on Various Types of Propulsion Motors in V2G and G2V Applications
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Parniani, Mostafa (Supervisor) ; Askarian Abyaneh, Iman (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
The integrated battery charger (IBC), made from the combination of a battery charger and the traction propulsion system of EVs is an emerging concept that can save the volume and final cost of battery chargers. As a type of on-board EV battery charger, IBC topology must work with expected performance in two modes of operation separately, charging mode and propulsion mode. In this thesis, to propose new topologies of IBCs, firstly the previous studies relevant to EV battery chargers and their different types have been reviewed. By analysis and investigation of IBC topologies, the principles of integrating battery chargers have been inferred and presented. These principles help us to evaluate...
Home load management in a residential energy hub
, Article Electric Power Systems Research ; Vol. 119, issue , 2015 , p. 322-328 ; ISSN: 3787796 ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Lehtonen, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
One way of more efficiently utilizing the existing gas and electrical infrastructures is to consider them as one integrated system in planning and operation of energy systems. The energy hub framework is adopted to determine a modeling procedure for such multi carrier energy systems. This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart home. A residential combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration technology, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are employed in the model. Operation of the hub is optimized through a proposed optimization-based formulation. The objective is to minimize customer payment cost. Solving the problem determines how much of each energy carrier the...
Online multicriteria framework for charging management of PHEVs
, Article IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology ; Vol. 63, issue. 7 , September , 2014 , p. 3028-3037 ; ISSN: 189545 ; Abbaspour, A ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Societal concerns over global warming issues and dependence on fossil fuels have caused the vehicle market share of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to grow. A large penetration of PHEVs, however, would likely put higher stress on power systems. To lessen the PHEVs' harmful impacts on the distribution grid, this paper proposes a two-stage charging control strategy modeled on a renewable-based energy hub. In the first stage, a home-based charging control method is formulated in which the charging cost of PHEVs is considered as an objective. Running this procedure by PHEV schedulers in houses, in the second stage of the proposed strategy, the PHEV coordinator agent (PCA) applies a...
Optimal charge scheduling of PHEV in a multi-carrier energy home
, Article 2014 14th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, EEEIC 2014 - Conference Proceedings ; 2014 , p. 199-203 ; ISBN: 9781480000000 ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The presence of different energy carriers as well as the advent of new multi-generation technologies such as combined heat and power (CHP) at homes necessitates designing an integrated model for optimal operation of such multi-carrier energy home. A residential energy hub model including a CHP and a Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is presented in this paper to show the multi-carrier energy system operation. In addition, this paper proposes an optimization-based formulation for PHEV charging control in the residential energy hub. The payment cost is minimized for the charge scheduling of PHEV through optimization of the residential energy hub operation in response to the...
Investigating the impacts of different price-based demand response programs on home load management
, Article Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology ; Vol. 9, issue. 3 , 2014 , p. 1125-1131 ; ISSN: 19750102 ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Choi, J ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Application of residential demand response (DR) programs are currently realized up to a limited extent due to customers' difficulty in manually responding to the time-differentiated prices. As a solution, this paper proposes an automatic home load management (HLM) framework to achieve the household minimum payment as well as meet the operational constraints to provide customer's comfort. The projected HLM method controls on/off statuses of responsive appliances and the charging/discharging periods of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery storage at home. This paper also studies the impacts of different time-varying tariffs, i.e., time of use (TOU), real time pricing (RTP), and...
Investigating the impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution congestion
, Article IET Conference Publications ; Vol. 2013, issue. 615 CP , 2013 ; ISBN: 9781850000000 ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Rastegar, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Smart grids are envisioned to support large penetrations of electrical vehicles driven by economical and environmental signals. Nevertheless, distribution system operators are becoming concerned about distribution congestion that may occur in the network with multiple domestic plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) charging. Therefore, investigating the impacts of high PHEV penetration levels on the performance of distribution networks seems to be essential for system operators and planners. Doing so, in this paper, PHEV characteristics are precisely extracted from valid published reports and surveys. Accordingly, a comprehensive model for investigating the impacts of different PHEV...
Investigating the impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on power distribution systems
, Article IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ; Vol. 4, issue. 3 , 2013 , p. 1351-1360 ; ISSN: 19493053 ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Rastegar, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Despite the economic and environmental advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the increased utilization of PHEVs brings up new concerns for power distribution system decision makers. Impacts of PHEVs on distribution networks, although have been proven to be noticeable, have not been thoroughly investigated for future years. In this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed to study the PHEV impacts on residential distribution systems. In so doing, PHEV fundamental characteristics, i.e., PHEV battery capacity, PHEV state of charge (SOC), and PHEV energy consumption in daily trips, are accurately modeled. As some of these effective characteristics depend on vehicle owner's...
Load commitment in a smart home
, Article Applied Energy ; Vol. 96, issue , 2012 , p. 45-54 ; ISSN: 03062619 ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Aminifar, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Although demand response (DR) potentially brings miscellaneous advantages, it is currently faced with challenges in its implementation due to customers' difficulty in manually responding to the time-varying prices. This paper presents an optimal and automatic residential load commitment (LC) framework to achieve the household minimum payment. Problem decision variables are the operating status of responsive appliances and charging/discharging cycles of battery storage and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Storage capability in residential centers provide the customers with this opportunity to not only supply the local demand during the high price hours but also sell the energy back...
Impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle uncertainty and grid unavailability on home load management
, Article 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, EEEIC 2012 - Conference Proceedings ; 2012 , p. 693-698 ; ISBN: 9781460000000 ; Safdarian, A ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Aminifar, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
A massive focus has recently been made on demand response (DR) programs, aimed to the electricity price reduction, reliability improvement, and energy efficiency. Basically, DR programs are divided into twofold main categories, namely incentive-based programs and price- or time-based programs. The focus of this paper is on priced-based DR programs including consumer responses to the time differentiated pricing. Home load management (HLM) program is designed to control responsive appliances and charging/discharging cycles of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) by the consumer. Uncertain parameters associated with PHEV, i.e. its departure/travelling time and energy consumption as well as...
Impacts of controlled and uncontrolled PHEV charging on distribution systems
, Article IET Conference Publications ; Vol. 2012, issue. 616 CP , 2012 ; 9781850000000 ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M ; Rastegar, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology provides one of the most promising solutions to tackle the threatening challenges such as air pollution in urban areas. Dramatic increases in the number of PHEVs could have major impacts on power system operations because of their high electricity demand. From the distribution system operator facet, distribution system congestion during PHEVs charging is an economic and security concern. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the effects of widespread using of PHEVs on the performance of distribution networks. In this paper, PHEV characteristics are exactly studied and a comprehensive model for investigation of PHEV impacts is achieved....
Designing gear-shift pattern for an electric vehicle to optimize energy consumption
, Article ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE) ; Vol. 11 , 2010 , pp. 837-846 ; ISBN: 9780791844489 ; Salehi, R ; Alasty, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this paper optimization of energy consumption in an electric vehicle is presented. The main idea of this optimization is based on selecting the best gear level in driving the vehicle. Two algorithms for optimization are introduced which are based on fuzzy rules and fuzzy controllers. In first algorithm, fuzzy controller simulates energy consumption in different gear levels, and chooses the optimum gear level. While in second method, fuzzy controller detects the optimum gear level by measuring the vehicle's average speed and acceleration. To investigate the performance of these controllers, a model of TOSAN vehicle is developed and the controllers outputs are checked in simulation of TOSAN...
Game theoretic based charging strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
, Article IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ; Vol. 5,Issue. 5 , 2014 , pp. 2368-2375 ; ISSN: 19493053 ; Parniani, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In the future smart grids, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are seen as an important means of transportation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the main issues regarding to this sort of vehicles is managing their charging time to prevent high peak loads over time. Deploying advanced metering and automatic chargers can be a practical way not only for the vehicle owners to manage their energy consumption, but also for the utilities to manage the electricity load during the day by shifting the charging loads to the off-peak periods. Additionally, an efficient charging schedule can reduce the users' electricity bill cost. In this paper we propose a new practical demand response...
Optimal fast charging station placing and sizing
, Article Applied Energy ; Vol. 125 , July , 2014 , pp. 289-299 ; ISSN: 03062619 ; Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, A ; Kazemi-Karegar, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Fast charging stations are vital components for public acceptance of electric vehicle (EV). The stations are connected to the electric grid and can recharge an electric vehicle in less than 20. min. Charging station development is highly influenced by the government policy in allocating station development costs. This paper presents a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear (MINLP) optimization approach for optimal placing and sizing of the fast charging stations. The station development cost, EV energy loss, electric gird loss as well as the location of electric substations and urban roads are among the factors included in the proposed approach. Geographic information has been used to determine EV energy...
A particle swarm optimization approach for robust unit commitment with significant vehicle to grid penetration
, Article Iranian Conference on Intelligent Systems, ICIS 2014 ; 2014 ; Aien, M ; Rashidinejad, M ; Fotuhi-Firouzabad, M
Abstract
Smartening of contemporaneous power delivery systems in conjunction with increased penetration of vehicle to grid (V2G) technology, changes the way market participants play their role in the market operation to maximize their profit. In V2G technology, plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) have bidirectional power flows i.e. they can either inject power to the grid or draw power from it. In recent years, the V2G technology has found a world wild attention due to its important advantages such as the peak load reduction and providing system reserve, to name a few. The unit commitment (UC) is a power system operation problem which is used to find the optimal operation schedule of generation units....
Evaluation of intelligent distribution network response to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
, Article 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference PowerTech, POWERTECH 2013 ; June , 2013 ; 9781467356695 (ISBN) ; Maani, A ; Ranjbar, A. M ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) have the potential to limit emissions and reduce the cost of transportation. Although wide scale adoption of plug-in vehicles is still a few years away, politicians, electric utilities, and auto companies are eagerly awaiting the opportunities that may arise from reduction of emissions and gasoline and oil consumption, new services and increased revenues, and new markets that would create new jobs. For consumers, plug-in vehicles will significantly lower operational costs when compared with traditional gasoline cars. The savings are potentially high, in average, as electricity cost mile work out to about one forth of gasoline. But it is noticeable to...
Optimal placement of fast charging station in a typical microgrid in Iran
, Article International Conference on the European Energy Market, EEM ; 2013 ; 21654077 (ISSN); 9781479920082 (ISBN) ; Kashanizadeh, B ; Vakilian, M ; Barband, S. A ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
In this work a microgrid is established within the geographical perspective of interest. The characteristics of the grid and its urban are employed to determine the candidate points for establishment of EV charging stations. The investment costs and operation costs are calculated for each station realizing the required constraints. This process resulted in optimum selection of EV stations. The optimization is achieved based on two different types of preliminary assumptions. In the first one, it is assumed to have only one station, while in the second one possibility of having multi-stations is considered. Using the total investment and operation costs as the objective function of...