Sharif Digital Repository

A simple catalyst LiClO4/Et3N has been developed and demonstrated to efficiently catalyze Michael addition reactions of active methylene compounds to conjugated ketones, nitriles, esters and nitroalkenes with remarkably high yields and in short reaction time. The Michael addition to nitroalkenes and α,β-unsaturated ketones proceeds quantitatively in the usual way, giving the monoaddition product. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved  

Alcohols have been successfully converted into their corresponding carbonyl compounds using hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by lithium chloride on montmorillonite K10. Clay supported lithium chloride can be recovered after using as catalyst for oxidation of alcohols. The future runs according to this procedure showed no considerable decrease in the reaction yield and catalyst effect  

A simple, rapid, atom economy and highly efficient green protocol has been developed for the reactions of indole with carbonyl compounds under solvent- free conditions. The attractive features of these procedures are the mild reaction conditions, high conversions, cleaner reaction profiles, inexpensive and environmentally friendly lithium perchlorate and short reaction times. © 2006 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd  

A simple, efficient, and general synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of Michael adducts in the presence of solid lithium perchlorate under solvent-free conditions. Nucleophilic addition of thiols and indoles gave the corresponding Michael adducts in high yields. © 2005 Taylor & Francis  

The reaction of substituted dithiocarbamates with electrophilic alkenes in the presence of LiClO4 was investigated in an attempt to prepare numerous ethyl dithiocarbamates bearing β-electron-withdrawing-group substituents. The reaction conditions are mild, neutral, with extremely simple work-up procedures, and offer high yield. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd  

A three-component reaction between aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde, an amine and trimethylsilyl cyanide mediated by solid LiClO4, gave amino nitriles in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeded smoothly under solvent-free conditions without any side products  

Various alcohols and phenols were silylated to trimethylsilyl ethers with hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of solid lithium perchlorate under very mild, neutral, and solvent-free conditions in good to excellent yields  

Optical measurement of voltage because of its excellent advantages is studied by several research groups. In this paper, two optically voltage measurement method based on periodic structure have been introduced. First one is based on Bragg reflection effect. The coefficient of reflection from a periodic layered medium depends on properties of periodic structure. In this work a periodic structure on LiNbO3 substrate was considered and under a high voltage electric field perpendicular to surface of layers, refractive indices of substrate have been changed. Performance of reflection versus applied electric field was calculated. Second method was based on Guided-mode resonance effect. Guided... 

In situ prepared iminium salts are very effective electrophiles in Baylis-Hillman reactions and react with methyl acrylate in the presence of a catalytic amount of a tertiary amine at ambient temperatures to afford the corresponding Baylis-Hillman adducts. The product undergoes conjugated addition with (trimethylsilyl)dialkylamines to give the diamine 5 in good yields. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved  

A one-pot, three-component, Mannich reaction of electron-rich aromatic compounds with in situ prepared iminium salts in 5 M ethereal lithium perchlorate gives good yields of aminoalkylated products at room temperature. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved  

The LiClO4-mediated one-pot reaction of aldehydes with (trimethylsilyl)dialkyl amines and the lithium salt of sulfoxides or sulfones, affords the corresponding β-(dialkylamino) sulfoxides and β- (dialkylamino) sulfones in high yields. The aminosulfoxidation reaction of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes lacks diastereoselectivity, but the diastereomeric sulfoxides can be separated by HPLC or column chromatography for further use  

A very efficient and mild procedure for the trimethylsilylation of a wide variety of alcohols, including primary, allylic, benzylic, secondary, hindered secondary, tertiary, and phenols with hexamethyldisilazane on the surface of silica gel dispersed with LiClO4 in room temperature at few minutes in excellent yields under neutral conditions is reported. This procedure also allows the excellent selectivity under LP-SiO2 system for silylation of alcohols in the presence of amine and phenolic hydroxy groups. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved  

This paper concentrates on degradation of electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs and proposes a practical wear cost model for EVs charge scheduling applications. As the first step, all the factors affecting the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries are identified and their impacts on degradation process are investigated. Subsequently, a general model for battery loss of cycle life is devised incorporating all the pertinent factors associated with charging and discharging activities in V2G applications. Modeling the battery wear cost as a series of equal-payments over the cycle life, a mechanism for calculating the cost incurred by EV users due to... 

The ion exchange process is a promising method for lithium extraction from brine and seawater having low concentrations of this element. To achieve this goal, it is vital to use an effective adsorbent with maximum lithium adsorption potential together with a stable structure during extraction and insertion of the ions. In this study, titanium dioxide and then lithium titanate spinel with nanotube morphology was synthesized via a simple two-step hydrothermal process. The produced Li4Ti5O12 spinel ternary oxide nanotube with about 70 nm diameter was then treated with dilute acidic solution in order to prepare an adsorbent suitable for lithium adsorption from local brine. Morphological and... 

The ion exchange process is a promising method for lithium extraction from brine and seawater having low concentrations of this element. To achieve this goal, it is vital to use an effective adsorbent with maximum lithium adsorption potential together with a stable structure during extraction and insertion of the ions. In this study, titanium dioxide and then lithium titanate spinel with nanotube morphology was synthesized via a simple two-step hydrothermal process. The produced Li4Ti5O12 spinel ternary oxide nanotube with about 70 nm diameter was then treated with dilute acidic solution in order to prepare an adsorbent suitable for lithium adsorption from local brine. Morphological and... 

In Li-ion batteries, application of active materials can enhance the kinetics of the charge-discharge process, reduce the costs and improve the safety of the system. In this work, the effect of nickel content and lithium excess in Li1+x (Ni0.4-xMn0.5Co0.1) O2 compounds on the electrochemical performance of the lithium-ion battery cathode have been studies. For this purpose, three compounds of NMC in the stoichiometric state were synthesized via co-precipitation as the cathode active material. XRF and EDS analyses indicate that precursors and oxide compounds are well synthesized. The final compound of synthesized cathodes was obtained by ICP analysis. XRD results also suggest that the... 

The main drawback of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries which leads to a short lifetime, is the shuttle effect during the battery operation. One of the solutions to mitigate the shuttle effect is the utilization of interlayers. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) paper as an interlayer has been implemented between the sulfur cathode fabricated by the vapor deposition process as a binder-free electrode and a separator in a Li-S battery in order to gain a sufficient capacity. The morphological characteristics and electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrode have been investigated. The fabricated battery demonstrates an initial discharge capacity of 1265.46 mAh g-1 at the current density of 100...