Sharif Digital Repository

One of the major and costly activity in Information Systems is controlling the quality of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) that has some challenges such as a long time is needed for detection and refinement of changeability of architecture qualities, how to quantify its quality attributes and variation in architecture changes. Self-adaptation of architecture is a novel automatic method that can be composed with architectural patterns to quantify and control the quality of SOA. In this paper, a self-adaptive framework, process and methodology is defined for this issue. Based on MAPE-K model, evaluation metrics by applying architectural tactics and final quality based on quality models and... 

Hayek is one of the most impressive figures of Austrian School of Economics established by Carl Menger. The Thinkers of this school of thought believed that governments should not intervene in the market process. They argued that such interventions would spoil the market performance in resource allocation. Hayek believes that the order which emerges from the market is a spontaneous one; it means no one has designed it, but it has evolutionarily evolved by distinctive agents' actions who had no plan to make it. Hayek's arguments for spontaneous order are based on some epistemological presuppositions such as: "methodological individualism", "methodological subjectivism", "tacit knowledge" and... 

Enterprises are founded according to their business processes based on its targets. For implementing an Information System, first it is required to analyze, design and model of the processes based on a specific methodology.The methodologies of software engineering usually used to be function oriented however object oriented is usual and practical todays. Analyzing the business processes according to one of these two concepts has some problems, however merging these two concepts, makes a powerful method in analyzing and designing of a system more easily and accurately.Some software development methodologies consider these two aspects in a way, however working with them has many complexities... 

Dealing with complicated organizational situations in the current competitive and uncertain market requires making the best management decisions at the earliest time possible. As making the best decisions requires the possession of adequate and accurate knowledge, knowledge has become the most valuable asset of organizations. Knowledge Management (KM) spans managing the identification, capture, storage, sharing, usage and creation of knowledge. Using an appropriate Knowledge Management System (KMS) can ensure the provision of essential knowledge for decision making, and can manage the complexity of the competitive market by maintaining and managing the relevant organizational knowledge.... 

There are many exact and comprehensive project management standards that have been presented till now. On the basis of those standards numerous corporations and organizations have collected various methodologies in order to ensure the accuracy of their project management processes. Apart from utilization of a predefined methodology or collecting of a customized one in the organization, there is an important question: in each project what is the suitable project management system (PMS). In this thesis a tool with the help of simulation technique is developed to support the improvement of the organization’s PMS. The processes of a methodology which is on the basis of PMBOK standard are... 

Penicillin G Acylase is the key enzyme in producing semi-synthetic antibiotics such as Ampicillin and Amoxicillin. In this study, we used E.coli ATCC 11105 in order to produce it. This enzyme was an intracellular one which was produced under suitable conditions. Crude enzyme was released after cell disruption by ultrasonic waves (sonication method) and was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Immobilization is investigated at different pHs around the iso-electric pH of Penicillin G Asylase enzyme. Therefore, optimum pH and optimum concentration of ammonium sulphate cuts were determined. Also immobilization process of this enzyme was studied on chitosan polymer, activated by... 

Although Component-Based Development (CBD) is not a novel approach, it is still extensively used for building various types of software systems, and is expected to remain popular for the foreseeable future. There exist several software development methodologies that support the construction of component-based systems, and the domain has matured over the years. When viewed collectively, CBD methodologies have indeed addressed all the relevant issues; however, none of the methodologies covers all the aspects of component-based software development. A general methodology can resolve this through addressing the deficiencies while being customizable according to the specifics of the project... 

The enzyme L-Asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) has been thoroughly researched by many researchers worldwide because of its immensely useful medical applications. It can catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia that is effective for the cure of leukemia, especially for puerile Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia [ALL] and Lymphosarcomas. The present study discusses the studies carried out for the optimal production of the enzyme from Escherichia coli ATCC 11303. For extraction of the intracellular enzyme, Sonication is more useful method for cell disruption than alkali lysis and enzymatic method. We improved Luria Bertani (LB) media (tryptone 1% w/v,... 

The Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) approach provides a systematic way to identify, modularize, and represent aspects, i.e. crosscutting concerns in software systems. AOSD methods bring a high level of changeability, configurability, and maintainability in the presence of ever-changing users' requirements. Focusing on aspects during early stages of the software development lifecycle has consequently received special attention by many researchers, leading to the advent of numerous AOSD methods. This has accordingly given a relatively high level of maturity to aspect-oriented (AO) processes. Process patterns, on the other hand, have been adopted as suitable mechanisms for defining... 

In this work, biosorption of Zirconium from aqueous solution by A.niger as a biosorbent was investigated. For this goal, both of live and dried biomasses were used. The effect of factors pH, temperature, contact time, initial concentration of metal and biomass dosage were investigated on biosorption. To preparing dried biomass,the live biomass was dried at 60-80 º C for 24 hr and then this dried cell was crushed by mortar and pestle and the drying biomass was ground through a set of sieve with 100 mesh. Also, effect of the pretreatment of biomass by NaOH 0.5 M on biosorption was studied. Optimization of factors was performed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experiments were... 

Homogenous carbonylation of methanol is a major way to acetic acid. In this study central composite design (CCD) at five level (-1.63, -1, 0, +1, +1.63) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to optimize carbonylation of methanol using ruthenium promoted iridium catalyst in homogenous phase. The effect of seven process variables including; temperature, pressure, iridium, ruthenium, methyl iodide, methyl acetate and water concentrations as well as, their interactions were modeled. The determined R2 values greater than 0.9 for the rate, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen formation data, confirmed quadratic equation properly fitted obtained experimental data. The... 

An antioxidant is a molecule capable of preventing the oxidation of other molecules and neutralizing free radicals. Free radicals are the root cause for many human diseases.Rice bran is one of the most important co-products in the rice milling.In this research antioxidant activity of two Iranian rice bran varieties Fajr and Tarem, extracted by three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate),determined at different time of extraction by measurement of total phenolic content, free radical scavenging, inhabitation of linoleic acid peroxidation and reducing power. The methanolic extract of Fajr rice bran produced strong results in antioxidant activity. The amount of Total... 

Due to the expansion of the Internet, web-based systems have rapidly proliferated. Firms, corporations, supermarket chains and governments provide their services through web-based systems, and there are companies that provide web-based services for other companies. Because of this development and expansion, many web-application development methodologies have been developed, and web-development versions of many renowned methodologies are now available. In order to improve the performance of system engineering teams and increase product quality, it has become necessary to construct or adapt software development methodologies in order to fit the specific project at hand. This method of... 

Methodology engineering is a branch of software engineering which deals with the design, development, and modification of methodologies, and the techniques and tools for developing information systems. Methodology engineering requirements demand the support of Computer Aided Methodology Engineering (CAME) tools. Recently, method engineering focus has shifted towards Situational Method Engineering (SME); i.e. context-specific methodology development. The emergence of SME approaches has brought about various methods for methodology development; including ad hoc, paradigm-based, extension-based and assembly-based approaches. In the assembly-based strategy, appropriate method chunks are... 

Textile industry wastewaters are one of the important sources of environmental contamination because they produce large quantities of highly colored effluents. In recent years, use of advanced oxidation processes by producing highly active and reactive components such as hydroxyl radicals has been proposed. In this study, two oxygenated photocatalytic systems including UV/ZnO and UV/TiO2 were examined for degradation of C.I. reactive orange 16 dye as a typical organic pollutant in textile effluents. A thin gap annular photoreactor was designed and applied for the experiments. The photoreactor provided large surface area exposed to UV light, where in the solution layer renewal on the UV... 

High-integrity systems are critical, complex software-controlled systems in contexts where the occurrence of failure can severely affect the environment, organization, and/or society. Examples are typically found among safety- critical and mission-critical systems. Typical high-integrity systems are highly hardware-dependant; hence, the rapid rate of hardware technology evolution in these systems demands the development of software systems that keep up with the hardware infrastructure. This necessitates the existence of elaborate software development methodologies which accommodate the volatility of the environment, and properly address the critical features required of the system under... 

The basic goal of reengineering is to reduce the complexity of a legacy system in order to keep its maintenance costs at an acceptable level. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) mainly focuses on the redesign of business processes in an organization in order to improve the relevant performance and efficiency factors influencing the processes, such as cost and speed, and also to promote the quality of the products produced. Among the different methods and techniques proposed for BPR, the pattern-oriented approach has received considerable attention by researchers. In this approach, the concept of patterns -successful solutions to recurring problems - is applied in the context of BPR in order... 

Aspect ratio dependant optical properties of silver and gold nanorods is responsible for great attention toward controlling the aspect ratio of this class of the nanostructure for their application in variety of area, such as medical diagnosis, drug delivery, biosensing and treatment. In this research, gold and silver nanorods have been synthesized using chemical reducation and growth based on seed mediated method, which is the newest and one of the best methods with less difficulty for producing silver and gold nanorods. Absorption of the visible light by gold and silver nanorods results in appearing the longitudinal and transverse Plasmon bands in their absorption spectra which is related... 

In this work, bioleaching was used to extract valuable uranium from a low grade ore. Bioleaching experiments were carried out in batch cultures using a native strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rotation speed, initial redox potential, initially added Fe concentration, particle size, pH, temperature, pulp density, and culture type. In the shake flask systems, over 99% of the uranium was bioleached in 48 hours at some conditions. Uninoculated flasks gave only around 25% leaching. At each study, uranium and iron concentrations, solution oxidation– reduction potential and pH were measured. The results showed that 150 rpm, d80=100 ... 

In this thesis, I have reviewed some attempts for understanding Shariati’s view point about science. Then, I have gathered Shariati’s opinion about science. Some issues like, scientific method, Hellenization of science, philosophical thought about science, comparision between human science and experimental science in method and credibility and researcher’s role in science have been discussed. Also scientism, its causes and criticism, the differences between science and scientism is a part of this thesis. New scholastic in the meaning of slavery of science in the hands of capitalism and the relation between science and capitalism, materialism and religion and the fact that science and...