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Models in Science: Ontology and Epistemology of Models

Hosseini Nasab, Mehdi | 2017

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 50334 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Akbari Takhtameshlou, Javad
  7. Abstract:
  8. Various philosophical views on scientific models, in this research, are reviewed and criticized. From a syntactic point of view, a scientific theory is nothing but its models, and this is the theory that illustrates how the model is constructed. Pragmatic view, by adopting a pluralistic view, argue that the interpretive model provides the basis for the concretization of the abstract concepts of the theory, and it is possible that representational model is incompatible with the theory itself. The model works better than theory even in functions such as prediction, explanation and representation in some places. A group of philosophers believe that with the introduction of fiction discussion, one can answer the ontological questions of the models, but, in contrast, some believe that the scientific models are the result of collective labor, and it is a decisive difference with fiction which is an individual product. In this research, it is suggested that the ontology of scientific models should be considered along with a range of human representation methods such as language, mathematics and painting, and to answer their epistemological questions, we should explain the problem situation and its components after a case study of each model. The model constructor is allowed to use any hypothetical and even obviously false predicate to construct the model provided that it has consciously taken these assumptions. Therefore, his assumptions are predicates that their truth or experimental adequacy are already established or depends on the future and are connected to the modeler goal. One of the advantages of this view is that there is no need for a distinction between abstract and concret or the distinction between model and theory
  9. Keywords:
  10. Semantics ; Pragmatics ; Representation ; Structure ; Pragmatism ; Fiction ; Scientific Models

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