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Design, Optimization and Fabrication of Multiplex Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications

Bakhtiari, Mohammad Ali | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 56430 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Shamloo, Amir; Hosseini, Vahid
  7. Abstract:
  8. Cartilage is a connective tissue, whose most important role in the body is to create a surface with a low friction coefficient in order to allow bones to slide on each other without direct contact to transfer loads. Articular cartilage is always under a harsh biomechanical environment and lacks blood, lymphatic and nerve vessels. As a result, it limits the capacity of this tissue to improve and restore itself. According to experimental efforts, cartilage cannot be regenerated spontaneously without the support of healthy subchondral bone. In recent years, the implantation of tissue engineering scaffolds has been considered as an effective strategy for the treatment of osteochondral damage. However, research in the field of tissue engineering mainly focuses on the cartilage area at the injured site and ignores the subchondral bone, the calcified cartilage area and their ability to repair osteochondritis defects. The purpose of this research is to present a bilayer bioactive scaffold as an ideal approach for the simultaneous repair of cartilage and subcartilaginous bone tissues. Since cartilage and bone are known as tissues with high strength. Therefore, providing a resistant scaffold may play a vital role in the regeneration of these tissues. One of the problems of multilayer scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering has been the adhesion of two layers at the junction and also the connection of holes between these two layers. In order to solve this problem, in this research, two polymers of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol were used in the cartilage layer and three polymers of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and alginate were used for the bone layer, which solved the challenges by using a new manufacturing procedure. . In this research, the shape change effect of graphene oxide nanoparticles was also measured in different layers, so that it was found that sheet nanoparticles are more usable in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering due to their antibacterial properties. Scaffold s4:6 polyvinyl alcohol: chitosan for the cartilage layer and s2:3:3 chitosan/poly-vinyl alcohol/alzinate for the bone layer were selected as optimal scaffolds. In this research, it was found that by adding graphene oxide nanoparticles with a sheet shape, it can increase the strength of the scaffold up to 310 kPa for the cartilage layer and about 365 kPa for the bone layer. Another result of this two-layer scaffold is the proper adhesion of two layers without external factors and the proper connection of the holes between the two layers at the point of contact, which has increased the adhesion of the cells compared to the single-layer conditions. Among the important points of this research, it also refers to the discussion of more controlled destruction of the scaffold, so that the duration of the destruction coincides with the duration of the treatment, which is approximately 84 days
  9. Keywords:
  10. Chitosan ; Poly Vinyl Alcohol ; Alginate ; Tissue Engineering ; Bone Tissue Engineering ; Graphene Oxide ; Osteochondral Defect ; Cartilage Tissue Engineering ; Cartilage Tissue Repair ; Simultaneous Repair Scaffold

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