Sharif Digital Repository

One of the best methods of gait analysis is to use analytical models. In this project, first, the normal human gait was simulated using a two-dimensional biped model with 7 segments, i.e., a HAT segment representing head, arms and trunk, and 6 segments representing thighs, shanks and feet of the two legs. The foot-ground contact was simulated using a five-point penetration contact model. The elastic impact and friction effects are considered in the ground reaction force modeling. Optimization of the normal human walking model provided constant coefficients for simple PD controllers’ (driving torque) equations that could reasonably reproduce the normal kinematical pattern. Then, in the second... 

To date various commercial systems were used in the gait analysis area. These systems have some difficulties for clinical use, such as being indwell, making trouble in movement and high prices. The Kinect sensor does not have problems of these systems. If the error of sensor is acceptable, Kinect sensor is a suitable choice for application in clinics. The possibility of utilization of the Kinect sensor as a gait analysis system has been studied in this research. The sensor errors in calculation of gait parameters such as lower limb joints angle, stride time, stride length and spatial coordinates of joints were computed. In previous researches the Kinect sensor error has been calculated for... 

To date various commercial systems were used in the gait analysis area. These systems have some difficulties for clinical use, such as being indwell, making trouble in movement and high prices. The Kinect sensor does not have problems of these systems. If the error of sensor is acceptable, Kinect sensor is a suitable choice for application in clinics. The possibility of utilization of the Kinect sensor as a gait analysis system has been studied in this research. The sensor errors in calculation of gait parameters for lower limb joints angle were computed. In previous researches the Kinect sensor error has been calculated for upper limb joints angle and the subject was standing motionless in... 

Motion capture is a process that movements of living organisms like human or objects are captured and the results are processed for the desired applications. This applications are in rehabilation, sports, film industry and etc. There are many techniques and instruments for motion capture that optical cameras are the most accurate ones. But this cameras are high cost and limited to labs. Some sensors like IMUs and recently, Kinect cameras have been considered by many researchers because these are low cost and easy to use. But problems like bias, accumulated error and occlusion make them to looking for improvments. Fusion algorithms are one of the best methods that help to use from each... 

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common motor disability among children that caused by damage to brain or defective development of brain before, during or just after birth. Due to this damage, children with CP have cognitive and motor problems. As an important activity of daily living, walking enhances independence, social activities and quality of life. Much of therapy for children is aimed to improve their gait. A usual technique to evaluate how a person walk and detect abnormal features in walking pattern is gait analysis. Lots of studies have been done on gait kinematics of CPs and classified them based on their kinematis. The purpose of this thesis is studying muscles activity of... 

In cases with excessive anteversion even after adolescence, surgeons have to choose osteotomy surgery to modify this abnormality. This surgery and modifying the anatomical problem does not necessarily lead to modify the patients’ gait cycle abnormalities; the authors’ hypothesis is the probable reason may be the persistence of the implement of the patients’ kinematics compensation mechanism even after the surgery. This mechanism is used to almost correct the gait of those with excessive anteversion. First, by using gait analysis text books, a patient’s gait cycle is analyzed; this analysis is consist of 3DGA with EMG and observational gait. Then, by using OpenSim, the patient’s patterns of... 

Cerebral palsy is a disorder and a condition that occurs before, during or after birth. According to reports, in developing countries, out of every 1,000 births, 3.5 cases develop cerebral palsy. One of the consequences of cerebral palsy is unusual walking due to nerve disorders, including severe spasm of the lower muscles of the trunk. Drugs, therapies, and orthopedic surgeries are used to help patients with cerebral palsy. Improper orthopedic surgeries have severe effects on the patient's function. You can partially solve these problems by using the gateway category. The common patterns of cerebral palsy gait help decide the treatment method. In recent years, the use of gait analysis has... 

In this project, we use an off-line motion capture technique for walking pattern recognition and reconstruction, and apply a sensory data acquisition system for extracting knee and ankle joints angular movements. Our approach is a marker-based object tracking technique using only one camera and four markers as data acquisition system, and a neural network method is developed for marker detection. Different walking condition considered including: straight position, inclined position with 〖+5〗^° slope, and 〖-10〗^° slope. Using pattern obtained from above process, the BVH format of the motion is built for 3D reconstruction of the performer’s motion. Since the obtain data describe the motion of... 

The recent project can be considered as a subset of Telerehabilitation, in the field of Telerehabilitation can be defined as the need for long-term data recording in order to determine each individual's movement pattern and compare it to the individual's best model or best practice. With this perspective, it can be said that the recent project, in more detail, remotely targets the use of foot plantar pressure to determine locomotor parameters. With this description, the FSR or force sensitive resistor sensor was selected for a number of reasons, including low cost, low weight and low thickness, and the data acquisition circuit was used to convert the sensors' analog signal to digital output,... 

Worldwide, stroke is the third leading cause of death, after cancer and cardiac diseases. Not only Stroke may lead to death, but its complications are critical, such as: Paralysis, Dysarthria, Cognition Disorders, etc. Improvement from these complications and also preventing from new ones, define the rehabilitation field; in other words, rehabilitation process tries to recover the movement ability of these patients. Today rehabilitation robots are helping these process to be faster and more comfortable, for both patients and physiotherapists. Purpose of this research, is design of a robot for performing rehabilitation process, to lower physiotherapy duration and lower the exhaustion of... 

Hexapod Robots give us the ability to study walking robots without facing problems such as stability. It has a great deal of exibility in movement even if some legs become malfunctioned or face some diculties. Control of legged robots compared to other kind of locomotions is di- cult and requires fairly heavy on-line computations to be done in real time. Therefore, a machine-learning solution may be more convenient in such prob- lems. One method of machine-learning which is used for legged robots with outstanding potential is Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL is a promising ap- proach for achieving complex robots control in dynamic environments. RL techniques are interesting subjects in... 

In this project, two bidirectional loadcell are designed and fabricated to be installed on a walker. Then upper extremities’ forces and moments have been obtained. Results can be used for rehabilitation purposes in Spinal Cord Injuries and Cerebral Palsy cases. The method used in this project is as follows: First, since the commercial multidirectional loadcells are too expensive, the loadcell (and an appropriate electronic board) are fabricated. Ultimately, a complete gait analysis by means of VICON motion analysis and using inverse dynamic method has been held to measure upper extremities’ forces and moments in the wrist, elbow and shoulder. The results for a person with Spinal Cord Injury... 

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common diseases that cause by brain injury or abnormalcy and occur while brain is developing before, during or just after birth. people with cerebral palsy face certain problems associated with the control of their muscles, these conditions will make simple activities such as sitting, walking or taking objects very difficult for a person.In the case of gait analysis and its effectiveness, there are many articles and studies. In general, experts have used gait analysis to diagnose and treat problems in cerebral palsy patients. Experts have studied on cerebral Palsy using gait analysis directly and indirectly. In indirect cases, patients are classified... 

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one the most prevalent neuromusculoskeletal disease amongst children. Damage in the central nervous system (CNS) causes defective growth of the musculoskeletal system during infancy to maturity, then leading to impairment of selective motor control (SMC), spasticity and sometimes contracture of musculotendinous junction. Treatment of Cerebral Palsy is limited to reduce complications. Medical procedures such as neurosurgery and orthopaedic surgeries or rehabilitation used as a common operation. Recently studies in the field of synergy directed a new path to understanding of human motor control complexity besides identification of functionality of musculoskeletal... 

Cerebral Palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. It’s caused by an injury or impaired development of brain. As result, CP children have disability in motor system. All people with cerebral palsy have problem with movement. The symptoms of CP vary from person to person. Therefore, gait analysis was used to investigate those child’s problems and help therapist to find better therapy. Given that, we analyze stance phase of gait cycle of CP children. Also, we calculate and compare variability between traditional development (TD) children and CPs to find a better understanding of how central nerves system (CNS) work. Kinematic Data during walking were collected from 100 CP and TD... 

Human body movements are achieved by activating a number of muscles. It has been shown that the central nervous system (CNS) plays the main role in controlling rhythmic activities (including walking, chewing, etc.). However, the way the central nervous system works in controlling different parts of the body has always been discussed due to the excess degrees of freedom to perform certain tasks. Controlling a group of muscles (under the name of muscle synergy analysis) instead of each one of them has been one of the most attractive and efficient recent ideas to better understand the CNS function. Also, a similar concept can be expressed for kinematic synergies (by the degrees of freedom of... 

Among all biometric approaches, gait analysis is one of the most practical methods for human identity recognition. Gait has a lot of advantages over other biometrics like face recognition, iris recognition, fingerprint, etc. First and foremost, the gait data can be collected from a distance, and there is no need for subject’s cooperation. Another advantage of this biometric method is its cost-effectiveness and the fact that it does not need high-resolution images. But there are significant challenges in detecting and analyzing this feature. One of the most important challenges is decreased recognition accuracy caused by identity-irrelevant factors like camera viewpoint and changes in walking...