Sharif Digital Repository

This research uses systems dynamics modeling to present an integrated assessment of the energy-economic damage caused by climate change in Iran under different climate scenarios. Implementing these policies will cause a change in the use of global oil, followed by a change in the outlook for oil price changes in the future. Due to the high dependence of the country's economy on fossil fuels, oil price changes affect the country's economy. In the first step of this thesis, the system dynamics method examines the prospect of oil price change in climate scenarios. Then, according to the oil supply and production, in different scenarios, the assessment of the future conditions of the oil market... 

Energy efficiency for Iran, which has large reserves of oil and gas but also has a high energy consumption is important because it ensures the country's energy security and saving each energy unit creates energy exports opportunity. Buildings have high energy saving potential; this sector uses about thirty percent of energy consumption (about half the gas and thirty percent of the annual electricity consumption). Households are not motivated in saving energy because government pays energy subsidy. In this research building energy consumption (in Tehran) modeled by bottom up approach. Then the effect of economic incentive tools such as subsidy, loan and tax on motivation in energy saving... 

The Iran-China 25-year Cooperation Program on the further economic development particularly energy area signed on 27 March 2021 by Iran, which suffered from many years of political and economic isolation and China, the second global economy. Energy transition is an essential issue in both country's energy systems which calls for a medium energy carrier that will be the natural gas. China is seeking for new natural gas resources in order to achieve its ambitious net-zero goals and Iran has targeted 50% reduction in its energy intensity. The necessity of supplying the natural gas for Pakistan and China through the CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) by Iran is an important criterion in the... 

Lithium ion battery is one of the innovative and emerging technologies in energy sector that has played a major role in electricity supply security by integration of renewable energy technologies in electrical grid, implementation of electrical transportation system and de-carbonation of the both sectors in recent years. On the other hand, the formation of the potential market of technology as one of the functions of the technological innovation system plays an essential role in creation and advancement of innovation in the energy sector. Therefore, in this thesis, the development of lithium ion battery technology in Iran has been investigated from the perspective of the technology market in... 

Climate change and energy security are key drivers for future energy policy. While energy security has been a pillar of energy policy for about a century, concern about climate change is more recent and is bound to radically change the landscape of energy policy. Policy makers are now under increasing pressure to address these twin challenges: to develop cost-effective policies that will both ensure the security of our energy system and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Main Effort in this Project is to construct an integrated model of Iran’s energy system to serve as a policy analysis tool, by which policymakers are able to identify the future effects of a wide range of policies in... 

This project examines four alternatives such as pipelines, oil injection wells, LNG & GTL in the purpose of Iran gas utilization. In this Project four strategies using cost/benefit analysis are examined. For this purpose, at first the cost of inlet feed gas per Mmbtu are calculated. Then regarding various scenarios of average world gas prices for the following thirty years, the cost & benefit of any way will be counted. Then with the use of energy security, the project will make energy policy. For this purpose, Shannon indicator will be used as one of the most reliable indicators. Due to the of use this indicator, the popular project will be chosen accordingly as a certain amount of gas the... 

Due to financial resources constraints, the country's oil industry, especially the upstream oil sector accounting for most of the country's foreign exchange and budget revenues, has not been developed. Thanks to the international sanctions against our country, the conventional financing methods are difficult to use anymore. According to the the current circumstances, the alternative sources of funding using modern approaches are necessary. Moreover, small capital is one of the alternative sources with the high potential for the high level of the liquidity in the society. This study, investigates the financial tools regarding capital market to attract small capital in order to finance... 

Due to rising demand of Natural gas in the global market and expected natural gas production soar in Iran which holds largest natural gas reserved in the world, addressing the optimal allocation of natural gas resources considering the role of Iran in global trade is of utmost importance to researchers as well as policy makers . The aim of this research is to develop a decision making tool which optimally allocate the natural gas resources. To develop this tool, qualitative and quantitative models of Multi-Criteria decision making considering energy security, economic and environment criteria are coupled to find the bests alternative options of natural gas exploration and the economic... 

Based on International Energy Agency studies, achievement of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent emission target in global emission means that the CO2 emissions in 2050 must be reduced to %50 of 2005 level, and this implies that a portfolio of emission reduction policies and strategies need to be exploited through current century.
At the present time, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology is a dominant strategy among all the long-term carbon abatement strategies in many countries. Nevertheless, its potential as a climate mitigating option will be proved, only if it is implemented in the countries which are developing at a great pace and taking advantage of fossil fuels in order to afford their... 

Iran has the second largest natural gas resources in the world and these rich resources provide Iran with good potential for exporting natural gas but so far this potential has not been used well. In contrast, India is a major importer of these energy carriers due to high energy consumption and low level of energy production, especially oil and natural gas production, and continues to increase its imports so that its natural gas imports in 2018 equals 30 billion cubic meters, the IEA expects to reach 85 billion cubic meters by 2040. So the two countries can complement each other in the field of natural gas, such as crude oil and have close relations.In this study, using AHP, Iran's gas... 

Passenger cars (PCs) are of particular importance among mobile air pollutants emissions sources due to their population and significant share in air pollutants emissions and gasoline consumption. Moreover, ownership and use intensity of PCs are affected by socio-economic situation. The present study projects the future trends of air pollutants emissions and fuel consumption from PCs in Tehran by 1415 and assesses the effect of economic situation on the emission trends and effectiveness of emission reduction polices. Accordingly, the present study develops an interdisciplinary modeling framework, which combines econometric models with a bottom-up emission estimation model to simulate the... 

In this project a model for the analysis and assessment of gas transit in the Caspian Sea and its effects on the desired benefits of the approach of decision-making, has been developed.
The first comprehensive review of the supply and demand of gas in the world and the countries of the Caspian region and the cast has been affecting world energy developments.After a comprehensive analysis of the status of the gas transit routes from the Caspian region and provided. Then, using the Delphi method and elite views the main criteria related to gas transit and affecting the interests of the countries of the Caspian region to determine the detailed criteria for each main criterion was determined... 

According to increasing energy demand in Iran and the world, the role of natural gas as a relatively clean and cost-effective source has received more attention. Given the high share of the residential sector in the country's natural gas consumption, providing a model for forecasting the demand of this sector is of great importance for policy makers and decision makers in this field. In the present study, we employ three popular methods of machine learning, support vector regression, artificial neural network and decision tree to predict the consumption of natural gas in the residential sector in Tehran according to meteorological parameters (including temperature, precipitation and wind... 

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic, welfare, and environmental effects of the policy of reforming energy subsidies in the industrial sector. The policy of reforming energy subsidies has been examined in the form of 6 scenarios based on the elimination of the current system of payment and redistribution of income among households and producers in certain proportions using a computable general equilibrium model. In the static model, economic variables include variables of production, price and net exports at the industry level and GDP variables, consumer price index, household consumption, government spending, investment, total imports and exports, prices and employment of... 

This study will examine the interests of Iran in entering one of the largest and most outreaching LNG markets which is China. In order to examine these interests, understanding China's policy on importing LNG and the competitive environment in this market is necessary. First, the decision theory is used to simulate China's policy on adjusting the import mix during the demand growth period of 2011 to 2017.This provides a simulated picture of its policy on increasing demand for the 2020. Then, the behavior of other LNG exporting countries to China is analyzed using game theory approach. By analyzing the sensitivity of the parameters in which uncertainty exist, it was revealed that Iran's... 

The Cost/Benefit Analysis (CBA) is considered to be among the chief and most widely used analytical tools in the realm of public policy and particularly environmental and climatic planning. The National Strategic Plan on Climate Change—a.k.a., Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of Iran—under the Paris Agreement (PA) accommodates sets of measures to be undertaken in various sectors of the country, including energy and specifically the power generation sub-sector, so as to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study begins with a regression analysis of historical data to identify current trends of fossil fuels consumption, wherefrom the emission level of relevant... 

The Oil and gas industry is one of the most important industries in the world. It has great role in Iran’s economy also. Regarding complexities of new companies, there is room for more cooperation and coordination within the industry and with other actors. Oil and gas niches have close interdependency with financial sector. The new encrypted currencies play great role in new financial models. Blockchain technology can help the oil and gas industry by using its appropriate features. Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. The supply chain of oil and gas industry in Iran includes upstream, midstream... 

The subsidies targeting law was ratified on October 23, 2009. At mentioned law appointed that the government redistributes up to 50% of earned revenues from price reforming of energy carriers to households by cash and non-cash payments and 30% of earned revenues to the production sector. But reports studies indicate that from 2010 to 2016, the government allocated 93.4% of the revenues to households in cash and non-cash and only 0.7% to the production sector. It can, therefore, be concluded that the subsidies targeting law has not been properly implemented. Indeed, the government has not only failed to fully reform energy carriers prices, but also has increased the households’ share of... 

The transportation sector is the largest oil consumer sector in the world. Iran is no exception to this, and the transportation sector, especially road transport, has a large share of oil and energy consumption in Iran. Diesel supply security in The road transport system has been implemented but it has not been properly managed for gasoline, as the country has been an importer of gasoline for many years and large cities suffering the pollution caused by light duty vehicles. Analyze the transportion of light duty vehicle by the game theory method can detect the barriers to reducing fuel consumption. For this purpose, the main Actors affecting the transport of light duty vehicles - people,... 

In this research, a general model is proposed aiming at establishment of optimized application of Methane gas with maximum added value. That is, maximum added value of methane for different applications of methane including consumption as fuel, export and injection-to-wells are calculated and compared. Accordingly, results of this study are used for decision making regarding Iran’s most important gas reservoirs. In this study, maximum present net value of investment concerning comparison of petrochemical industry input and export to a number of selected countries in addition to injection in 20 years is calculated based on a specific discount rate. It is noteworthy that the scope of this...