Sharif Digital Repository

A two stage chemical deposition (TSCD) technique is used to produce ZnO films on quartz glass (QG), soda lime glass (SLG) and high purity alumina (HPA) from an aqueous solution of zinc complex. The effects of the substrate material on the chemical composition and morphology of the deposited layer are investigated. The effects of different annealing temperatures (180, 300, 500 and 800°C) on the morphology and orientation of the ZnO crystallites are also determined. X-ray diffraction diffractograms show that above 300°C, the intensity of (002) peak considerably decreases with increasing temperature. Results indicate that changing the substrate from QG to SLG does not significantly influence... 

Effect of several auxiliary carbon sources such as crude oil, different precultures, and quality of adding crude oil in treatment of petroleum wax deposits by an isolated bacterial strain, BBRC9012, was investigated. First and second experiments which compered effect of molasses, glucose and crude oil, indicated that glucose and molasses causes more microbial growth, biosurfactant production and bioemolsification than crude oil. Both optometry and Surface tension measurements showed that using molasses-BHB preculture for wax treatment is not suitable and when crude oil is used as auxiliary carbon source a one day lag phase is unavoidable. It was also shown that when crude oil is added to... 

This paper presents a mathematical model of laser powder deposition (LPD) to predict temperature field, melt pool depth and dilution. The model validated by experiments is developed using the moving heat source method. In this method, the temperature distribution inside the clad and the substrate is obtained using the superposition principle and the solution of the heat diffusion due to a point heat source. The model, which can be used in real-time applications, predicts the melt pool depth and dilution as a function of clad height and clad width, which in practice can be measured by a vision system. Numerical and experimental analyses show a non-linear behaviour of the melt pool depth as a... 

Growth mechanism of a single wall carbon nanotube on the surface of a nickel nanoparticle in the CVD method has been investigated by classical molecular dynamics method. Using first principles methods, we have first constructed a classical potential to describe the interaction between a carbon atom and the nickel surface. The important ingredient in this potential is its coordination number dependence, which also provides the key to the growth mechanism of the nanotube. From the simulations, it is proposed that the growth of an armchair nanotube takes place via attachment of dimers to its end which is in contact with the nickel surface. The effect of nickel nanoparticle's radius on the... 

The effect of one of the surfactants such as Tiron, a compound based on the benzene molecule, on the morphology and chemical composition of zinc oxide deposits, produced from a zinc complex solution using two-stage chemical deposition (TSCD) technique, has been investigated. TSCD technique is a novel and simple chemical route for the deposition of ZnO film from aqueous solution. Zinc oxide films deposited on high purity alumina (HPA) as a substrate. The results show that the addition of Tiron changes the surface morphology and causes to form the fine-grained structure. With a dense and nodular-shape appearance, the film produced from the precursor of zinc complex-containing Tiron, is... 

Laser Powder Deposition technique is an advanced production method with many applications. Despite this fact, reliable and accurate control schemes have not yet fully developed for this method. This article presents method for in time identification of the process for modeling and adaptation of proper control strategy. ARMAX structure is chosen for system model. Recursive least square method and Kalman Filter methods are adopted for system identification, and their performance are compared. Experimental data was used for system identification, and proper filtering schemes are devised here for noise elimination and increased estimation results. It was concluded that although both methods... 

The electrodeposition of cadmium is studied by electrochemical techniques with the presence of the organic agents. The cyclic voltammetry results clearly show that the electrodeposition of cadmium is a diffusion-controlled process associated with a typical nucleation process. With addition of the thiourea, 3-Picolin and benzyl alcohol organic agents simultaneously in sulfate solution, the redox potential of cadmium is shifted to more negative potentials. In this case, the current transients reveal an instantaneous nucleation with a typical three-dimensional (3D) growth mechanism, while it shows progressive nucleation mechanism without the ternary-species organic agents. In addition, the... 

The most challenging requirement for depositing NiTi-based shape memory thin films is the control of film composition because a small deviation can strongly shift the transformation temperatures. This article presents a technique to control film composition via adjustment of the power supplied to the targets during simultaneous sputter deposition from separate Ni, Ti, and X (e.g., Hf) targets. After optimization of sputter parameters such as working gas pressure, target-substrate distance, and target power ratio, binary Ni100-x Tix thin films were fabricated and characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in a scanning electron microscope (to measure the film composition and... 

In this paper, we present a study on the contribution of silicon nanocrystals to the electrical transport characteristics of large (100 μm × 100 μm) and small (100 nm × 100 nm) metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors at room temperature. A layer of silicon nanocrystals is synthesized within the oxide of these capacitors by ultra-low energy ion implantation and annealing. Several features including negative differential resistance (NDR), sharp current peaks and random telegraph signal (RTS) are demonstrated in the current-voltage and current-time characteristics of these capacitors. These features have been associated to charge storage in silicon nanocrystals and to the resulting Coulomb... 

High temperature shape memory NiTiHf thin films with varying hafnium contents up to 28.7 at.% were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering using simultaneous sputter deposition from separate elemental targets. The required film composition was achieved by adjusting the power ratio to the targets. The as-deposited films were amorphous; a post deposition annealing was performed at 550 °C to crystallize the films. Two-micron thick films were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning electron microscope, temperature controlled X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that above 10 at.% Hf additions the transformation... 

To investigate the Ta/Co/Cu/Co/NiO/Si(100) spin valve structure, fabrication and characterization of the Cu/Co/NiO/Si(100) system was studied for further understanding the structure. The system was grown by employing combinative DC sputtering-evaporation technique. Nickel oxide with a thickness of about 30 nm was deposited on Si(100) substrate using thermal evaporation technique.The cobalt film, then, with a thickness of about 3 nm was grown by DC sputtering under various applied negative bias voltages ranging from 0 to - 80 V. The optimum bias voltage (Vb = -60 V) for the growth of Co layer was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), four-point probe sheet measurement (Rs) and scanning... 

A generalized Hubbard model based on a molecular approach is used to calculate many electron wavefunctions of diamond vacancies. We have calculated the oscillator strength of the dipole transition rates from the ground states of the neutral and negatively charged vacancies. The ratio of the oscillator strengths is in very good quantitative agreement with the reported optical spectroscopic data. Electronic configurations in the ground and dipole allowed excited states are presented. With the proposed picture, the much larger oscillator strength of the negatively charged vacancy with respect to other experimentally investigated color centers N-V, H3, X3 and H4 is explained  

The results are presented for the investigations of sulfur removal from coal by a mixed culture of microorganisms. Optimal conditions of the process are established (pH, size of coal particles, pulp density, temperature, etc.). They make it possible to reduce the content of pyrite and total sulfur by 91.84 and 53.5%, respectively. The decrease in ash content of coal under its leaching is noted. © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc  

Asphaltene precipitation and deposition is one of the main problems in some of the oil fields. The deposited asphaltene results in partial or total blockage of the wellstring and reducing or completely seizing oil production. Asphaltene deposition problems have been experienced in the field for a long time. Although, the asphaltene precipitation has been studied thoroughly and different parameters that effects this process has been investigated but little work has been carried out in the asphaltene deposition across the production system of flowing oil well. This paper introduces a new comprehensive model for description of asphaltene deposition behavior in wellstring. The mechanisms of...