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Nontoxic concentrations of PEGylated graphene nanoribbons for selective cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy

Akhavan, O ; Sharif University of Technology | 2012

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34330d
  3. Publisher: 2012
  4. Abstract:
  5. Reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons functionalized by amphiphilic polyethylene glycol (rGONR-PEG) were applied to attach arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-based peptide and cyanine dye 3 (cy3) for targeting ανβ3 integrin receptors on human glioblastoma cell line U87MG and its selective fluorescence imaging, respectively. The rGONR-PEG suspension with a concentration of 100 μg mL -1 showed ∼14 and 2.4-fold higher near infrared (NIR) absorption at 808 nm than GONR (with dimensions of ∼80 nm × 1 μm) and rGO-PEG sheets (with lateral dimensions of ∼2 μm), respectively. The rGONR-PEG-cy3-RGD exhibited highly efficient NIR photothermal therapy performance (concentrations ≥1.0 μg mL-1 resulted in ≥97% cell destruction in vitro under 7.5 W cm-2 NIR irradiation for 8 min). However, the rGONR-PEG exhibited concentration-dependent cyto- and geno-toxicity, so that it initiated at 1.0 μg mL-1 and presented strong effects at concentrations ≥100 μg mL-1 (resulting in >72% cell destruction and >29% DNA fragmentation after 24 h in the dark). Therefore, the concentration of 1.0 μg mL-1 (with <11% cell destruction and 7% DNA fragmentation) is the most effective concentration which can present low cyto- and especially geno-toxic effects. This work can provide insights for simultaneously efficient and biocompatible applications of nano-sized graphene in future photothermal nanotherapy
  6. Keywords:
  7. Amphiphilics ; Arginine-glycine-aspartic acids ; Cancer cells ; Cell destruction ; Concentration-dependent ; Cyanine dyes ; DNA fragmentation ; Effective concentration ; Functionalized ; Glioblastoma cells ; Graphene nanoribbons ; In-vitro ; Integrin receptors ; Lateral dimension ; Nanoribbons ; Near-infrared absorption ; Nontoxic concentrations ; Photo-thermal ; Photothermal therapy ; Reduced graphene oxides ; Selective fluorescence ; Amino acids ; Cell culture ; Graphene ; Infrared devices ; Lanthanum compounds ; Nanostructures ; Polyethylene glycols ; Suspensions (fluids)
  8. Source: Journal of Materials Chemistry ; Volume 22, Issue 38 , 2012 , Pages 20626-20633 ; 09599428 (ISSN)
  9. URL: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2012/JM/c2jm34330d#!divAbstract