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Characterization of volatile components of Iranian saffron using factorial-based response surface modeling of ultrasonic extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

Jalali Heravi, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2009

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.067
  3. Publisher: 2009
  4. Abstract:
  5. The volatile components of Iranian saffron were extracted using ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) technique and then were separated and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Variables affecting the extraction procedure were screened by using a 25-1 fractional factorial design and among them; sample amount, solvent volume, solvent ratio and extraction time were optimized by applying a rotatable central composite design (CCD). The optimum values of factors were: 2.38 g sample, 29.04 mL solvent, 69.23% MeOH solvent ratio and 71.8 min for the extraction time. Forty constituents were identified for Iranian saffron by GC-MS representing 90% of the total peak area. The major components were 2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde, namely safranal (26.29%), bicyclo[3,2,0]hept-2-ene-,4-ethoxy-,endo (5.69%), linoleic acid (4.77%), 4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, namely HTCC (4.44%), and nonadecanol (3.32%). Some new compounds were identified for the first time in saffron. In addition, the results of this study were compared with those of Greek saffron. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
  6. Keywords:
  7. Central composite design ; Factorial design ; Saffron ; Ultrasonic solvent extraction ; Chromatographic analysis ; Design ; Fatty acids ; Food additives ; Mass spectrometers ; Mass spectrometry ; Olefins ; Solvents ; Surface properties ; Ultrasonic testing ; Ultrasonics ; Gas chromatography ; 2,6,6 trimethyl 1,3 cyclohexadiene 1 carboxaldehyde ; 4 hydroxy 2,6,6 trimethyl 1 cyclohexene 1 carboxaldehyde ; Bicyclo[3,2,0]hept 2 ene 4 ethoxy endo ; Linoleic acid ; Methanol ; Natural product ; Nonadecanol ; Safranal ; Solvent ; Unclassified drug ; Volatile agent ; Article ; Factorial analysis ; Mass fragmentography ; Nonhuman ; Plant morphology ; Priority journal ; Process optimization ; Separation technique ; Solvent extraction ; Surface property ; Ultrasound ; Crocus ; Cyclohexenes ; Flowers ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Greece ; Iran ; Plant Extracts ; Solvents ; Terpenes ; Ultrasonics ; Volatile organic compounds
  8. Source: Journal of Chromatography A ; Volume 1216, Issue 33 , 2009 , Pages 6088-6097 ; 00219673 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967309009819