Sharif Digital Repository

Lithium ion battery is one of the innovative and emerging technologies in energy sector that has played a major role in electricity supply security by integration of renewable energy technologies in electrical grid, implementation of electrical transportation system and de-carbonation of the both sectors in recent years. On the other hand, the formation of the potential market of technology as one of the functions of the technological innovation system plays an essential role in creation and advancement of innovation in the energy sector. Therefore, in this thesis, the development of lithium ion battery technology in Iran has been investigated from the perspective of the technology market in... 

Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolyte is a very promising electrolyte for a variety of ion lithium solid-state batteries, due to high conductivity of Li ions at room temperature as well as its chemical stability with Li metal anode. LLZO phase has two tetragonal and cubic symmetries. The conductivity of the cubic phase is two times higher than that for the tetragonal phase. To stabilize the cubic phase at room temperature, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mol% Aluminum was doped to LLZO solid-state electrolyte. This powder was synthesized by sol-gel combustion method at 1000˚C. The cubic phase and lack of impurity of the samples doped with 0.25 and 0.3% Aluminum were determined by X-ray Diffraction... 

The operating conditions of the battery in renewable energy systems affect its electrochemical behavior and degradation process. Recent research mainly estimates battery lifetime through conventional methods such as counting the number of equivalent battery life cycles or based on simple experimental models that may lead to optimistic predictions in battery service period. In this study, a reduced-order thermoelectrochemical-aging battery model is developed for the application of renewable energy systems and the battery degradation analysis is investigated by this model. The proposed microscopic model evaluates the effect of battery operating conditions such as state of charge, current and... 

Sodium-ion batteries are cost-effective rechargeable batteries which have attracted considerable interest in recent years due to the low cost and abundance of sodium resources on the earth. Na3MnCO3PO4 (NMCP) has been identified as a potential cathode material with a high theoretical capacity of 191 mAh g-1. In order to improve the conductivity and electrochemical properties of NMCP, fabrication of NMCP/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite is a novel and interesting research goal. Therefore, in the current study, rGO was produced by using modified Hummers method. Then, the kinetics of NMCP formation through hydrothermal process was investigated. Results indicate that the optimum... 

Mechanosensitive (MS) channels are ubiquitous molecular force sensors that respond to a number of different mechanical stimuli including tensile, compressive and shear stress. One of the main mechanisms to functionally study these channels is the patch clamp technique. Here we use continuum mechanics to probe the question of how curvature, in a standard patch clamp experiment, at different length scales (global and local) affects a model MS channel. Firstly, to increase the accuracy of the Laplace’s equation in tension estimation in a patch membrane and to be able to more precisely describe the transient phenomena happening during patch clamping, we propose a modified Laplace’s equation. In... 

The bio-oxidation of ferrous iron is a potential industrial process in the regeneration of ferric iron and the removal of H2S in combustible gases. Bio-oxidation of ferrous iron may be an alternative method of producing ferric sulfate, which is a reagent used for removal of H2S from biogas, tail gas and pulp and paper industry. For practical use of this process, this study evaluated the optimal pH and initial ferric concentration. pH control looks like a key factor as it acts both on growth rate and on solubility of materials in the system. Some process variables such as pH and amount of initial ferrous ions on oxidation by A. ferrooxidans and the effects of such process variables dilution... 

In the first part of this research, a ratiometric fluorescent sensor array has been developed on nanocellulose platform towards chemical discrimination applications. Bacterial nanocellulose (BC) was utilized for the first time as a novel, flexible and transparent substrate in optical sensor arrays for developing portable and high performance sensor array.. To fabricate this platform, the hydrophobic walls on BC nanopaper substrates were successfully created using laser printing technology. In addition, we have used the properties of immobilized ratiometric fluorescence sensor elements (Carbon Dots- Rhodamine B (CDs-RhB) nanohybrids) on nanopaper platform to improve the visual... 

The existing thesis investigates the removal efficiency of ammonia from wastewater using natural zeolite, and the effects of various parameters on the removal efficiency. The importance of this research is due of the fact that ammonia is among the primary contaminants of wastewater. The common method of removing ammonia is biological processes that have a number of drawbacks. The ion exchange method could be a suitable alternative to the former method. Ammonia removal from wastewater was investigated through both batch and continuous experiments. In these experiments the initial ammonia concentration in the wastewater was chosen to be 1000 mg/L, 100 mg/L. The optimum ammonia removal was... 

The use of fluorophores in metallic and non-metallic analysis, have received great attention for chemical sensing due to the high sensitivity and selectivity. Fluorophores through participating in emission mechanisms, interact with analyte and the emission intensity changes, which leads to determination of analyte concentration. These mechanisms are included fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence emission quenching. In the first part of this thesis, a highly sensitive probe for detection of copper ions was developed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer due to the plasmonic peak of citrate capped gold nanoparticles and emission peak of FITC. Quenched emission of... 

In this thesis, a novel graphene oxide (GO)/sodium alginate (SA)/polyacrylamide (PAM) ternary nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent mechanical performance has been fabricated through freeradical polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and SA in the presence of GO in an aqueous system followed with ionically crosslinking of calcium ions. Physical and chemical characteristics of the composite were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The swelling behaviors of the composite hydrogels were investigated under varying conditions of time and pH. The optimized swelling capacity in standard conditions was found to be 1711% per gram of the hydrogel. The... 

Resin In Pulp(RIP) is One of the most important processes for separation of uranium from ore while concentration of uranium in ore is low , based on adsorption of uranium that exist in the slurry on onion exchanger resins .uranium ore is dissolved in sulfuric acid and slurry that contain uranium is produced,then this slurry enter stirred reactors and adsorption process is performed.RIP are accepted universally and now adays countries such as canada,south africa and australia use this process when concentration of uranium in slurry after leaching process is 100-500 ppm.in iran also this process is performing in ardacan-saghand mine.Kinetic of adsorption process in stirred reactors has been... 

One of the main uranium separations of ore that uranium percent application of enhanced design strategies in the industrial cracking furnaces are of practical interest for oil, gas and petrochemical industries. For such engineering purposes the exact simulation of temperature, species concentration and flow fields in the furnace is essential. In this paper, a study was performed to simulate 3D flue gas flow pattern, temperature and species concentration field in the radiation section of an industrial cracking furnace using the computational fluid dynamics (100-500) ppm technique. The steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (Resin in pulp)equations were solved, in a finite volume scheme,... 

The elastic field is one of the challenges in optimizing the lifetime and capacity of the lithiumion batteries. Graphite nanoparticles have been widely used in Li-ion batteries, due to their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. During the lithiation, chemical reactions occurred in the electrolyte, which forms a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) in the surrounding of nanoparticles as well as stress fields inside the nanoparticles. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the surface/interface on diffusion induced stresses(DIS) within core-shell nanosphere due to non-uniform distribution of eigenstrain fields. Due to the mechanical behavior of the phases,... 

The elastic field is one of the challenges in optimizing the lifetime and capacity of the lithium-ion batteries. Graphite nanoparticles have been widely used in Li-ion batteries, due to their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. During the lithiation, chemical reactions occurred in the electrolyte, which forms a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) in the surrounding of nanoparticles as well as stress fields inside the nanoparticles. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the surface/interface on diffusion induced stresses(DIS) within core-shell nanosphere due to non-uniform distribution of eigenstrain fields. Due to the mechanical behavior of the phases,... 

High advantages of hydrometallurgy have led to its recent development in metal extraction. Many investigations have been carried out on applying hydrometallurgy processes on copper extraction. In this study, Chalcopyrite concentrate produced in Sarcheshmeh copper plant was subjected to oxidative leaching investigation by cupric ion to determine the effect of several parameters on the copper and iron dissolution, included temperature of leaching, time of holding and cupric concentration as oxidant agent in a range of 38-97°C, 1.5-8.5 hours and 0.2-0.8 M respectively. The leaching media was chloride providing with 3M HCl 37% and CuCl2. The experiments were designed by central composite... 

In this study, a polyoxotungestate containing copper was impregnated as catalyst on a magnetic metal-organic framework (Fe3O4/MIL-101(Cr)). Initially, the desired polyoxotungestate was synthesized using sodium tungestate and sodium metasilicate salts and then copper(ІІ) ion was fixed on it. Subsequently, the MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic framework was prepared by solvothermal method; using chromium nitrate salt and 1,4-benzen dicarboxylic acid at 220 ◦C and was magnetized by co-precipitation method. Finally, the corresponding polyoxotungestate was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h with MIL-101(Cr) and then the brown precipitate was separated using a magnet. Different techniques such as IR,... 

Among the various materials, silicon anodes have the highest lithium absorption in lithium-ion batteries. But this high lithium absorption capacity can cause 300 percent volume expansion and large stresses. Experimental observations show that charge and discharge cycles may cause plastic deformation in some parts of the electrode particle. On the other hand, there is a possibility of a ratcheting phenomenon due to changing in elastic properties of the electrode material during the charging and discharging processes. However, this phenomenon has not been reported for silicon spherical electrode particles yet.This study aims to model the elastic-plastic behavior of silicon spherical electrode... 

Energy storage systems are expected to play an important role in future renewable-based power systems. Recently, lithium-ion batteries have been attracting considerable attention as alternative energy storage systems due to their advantages. In this study, viability of battery storage systems as large-scale energy storage systems is studied in the context of a residential energy hub. A stochastic optimization problem is proposed for energy management of the energy hub where wind generation and demand are considered uncertain. In order to account for the degradation costs of the battery storage system, a data-driven State-of-health prediction model is developed based on the relevance vector... 

Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) has proved to be a viable method for detection and characterization of micro and nano particles. This method works based on ionic current variation inside nanopores. Modern fabrication methods have introduced different nanopore geometries for resistive pulse sensors therefore studing the effects of geometry on sensing performance of nanaopores is important. Numerical simulation has been used to study a wide variation of nanopore’s geometry configurations and study the physics behind this phenomena. Based on the results, numerical simulation could be used as a fast and easy tool for size determination for nanopore. To compare the sensing performance of different... 

The current study was attributed to uranium uptake by Varion-AP resin from Saghand, Iran Uranium Mine, ore leach liquor. A suitable high-efficiency system was designed for continuous ion exchange at the bench scale and the uranium uptake parameters were optimized. In this system, 1 reactors was used with a volume of 3 liters in stage with the same height difference. A leach liquor containing uranium with a concentration of between 200 and 300 mg/l was flowed from the feed storage by gravity between reactor 1 to 10 at a flow rate of 30 lit/h and Varion-AP resin was transferred in counter-current flow from stage 10 to 1 by a pneumatic pump. The output of each reactor had a screener that...