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A modeling study on utilizing SnS2 as the buffer layer of CZT(S, Se) solar cells
, Article Solar Energy ; Volume 167 , 2018 , Pages 165-171 ; 0038092X (ISSN) ; Minbashi, M ; Taghavinia, N ; Kim, D. H ; Mahdavi, S. M ; Kordbacheh, A. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2018
Abstract
CdS is conventionally used as the n-type buffer layer in chalcopyrite (CIG(S, Se)) and Kesterite (CZT(S, Se)) solar cells. CdS is toxic and there are wide attempts to find substitutes for it. Here, we suggest SnS2 as a possible alternative. SnS2 films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), characterized to estimate carrier concentration and electron affinity values, and the obtained values were used to model a CZT(S, Se) solar cell. The experimental values of a benchmark CZT(S, Se) cell with efficiency of 12.3% were employed to obtain the density and energy position of defects in CZT(S, Se) and validating the model. We observed that SnS2 results in almost identical performance as...
Inorganic nanomaterials for chemo/photothermal therapy: a promising horizon on effective cancer treatment
, Article Biophysical Reviews ; Volume 11, Issue 3 , 2019 , Pages 335-352 ; 18672450 (ISSN) ; Zamani, M ; Golizadeh, M ; Bavi, O ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Verlag
2019
Abstract
During the last few decades, nanotechnology has established many essential applications in the biomedical field and in particular for cancer therapy. Not only can nanodelivery systems address the shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy such as limited stability, non-specific biodistribution and targeting, poor water solubility, low therapeutic indices, and severe toxic side effects, but some of them can also provide simultaneous combination of therapies and diagnostics. Among the various therapies, the combination of chemo- and photothermal therapy (CT-PTT) has demonstrated synergistic therapeutic efficacies with minimal side effects in several preclinical studies. In this regard,...
Surfactant-free stable SnS2 nanoparticles dispersion for deposition of device-quality films
, Article Thin Solid Films ; Volume 669 , 2019 , Pages 269-274 ; 00406090 (ISSN) ; Tajabadi, F ; Mahdavi, S. M ; Mohammadpour, R ; Taghavinia, N ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
Tin sulfide (SnS2) has recently attracted considerable attention due to its layered structure that may form two dimensional morphologies. It is an n-type semiconductor with band gap and electron affinity similar to CdS and In2S3; therefore can be regarded as an alternative for these materials in thin film solar cells. Here, we synthesis of SnS2 nanoparticles with different morphology in different ratio of water-ethanol mixed solution by solvothermal method, and observe that more ethanol leads to large sheet like morphologies, while water based synthesis results in very small nanosheets. A challenge in wet deposition of device-quality thin films of SnS2 is the requirement for highly dispersed...
Highly uniform molybdenum oxide loaded N-CNT as a remarkably active and selective nanocatalyst for H2S selective oxidation
, Article Science of the Total Environment ; Volume 711 , 2020 ; Emrooz, H. B. M ; Rashidi, A ; Hamzehlouyan, T ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2020
Abstract
Selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur is a low cost and highly efficient process for sulfur removal from H2S-containing hydrocarbon streams in medium scale (i.e. 0.2–10 ton sulfur/day) for environmental protection and prevention of emitting toxic gases to the atmosphere. In this research, in order to prepare a highly active and selective nanocatalyst for selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, for the first time, molybdenum oxides were loaded uniformly over nitrogen- doped carbon nanotubes through incipient wetness impregnation. Different metal loadings including 5, 10, and 15 wt% Mo were considered in the synthesis procedure to achieve the optimized performance and provide...
Study of CdS thin Film Deposition on Single Layer Grapheme using Close Space Sublimation and SILAR Methods
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Asgari, Sirous (Supervisor)
Abstract
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films were successfully fabricated in argon atmosphere on glass slides and Single Layer Graphene(SLG)/Cu foil stack by close space sublimation technique in three different deposition temperatures. Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique is used as a complementary technique for better and denser layers. Analysis techniques such as Grazing Incident X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope images were used for structural study of the deposited layers. Polycrystallinity and hexagonal wurtzite structure of the thin films is confirmed. For band gap calculations and for determination of optical behavior of the layers in different...
Using of Oxides, Hydroxides and Sulfides of Some Transition Metals and Carbon Nanostructures in Supercapacitors
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
Electrochemical capacitors are type of electrical energy storage devices that research on them has grown due to the development of hybrid vehicles. It is proved that lectrodes configuration has vital role in electrochemical capacitors performance. In this thesis, transition metal hydroxides, oxides and sulfides along with carbonaceous materials have benn used as active materials in supercapacitors. In first section, graphite has been poroused by applying anodic potential of 2V in acidic electrolyte which results in exfoliation of graphite planes due to gas diffusion to the interlayer of graphite sheets. The prepared porous graphite was used as precursor for electrodeposition of nickel...
Nanocarbon-based Nanocatalyst Design & Synthesis for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Gas Feed
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Baghalha, Morteza (Supervisor) ; Eskandari, Mohammad Mehdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
well known metal-free nanostructure carbon-based catalyst, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride, with diverse morphologies were synthesized by using ethylendiamine/carbontetrachloride as a precursor, SBA-15 and SBA-15 nanorod as hard templates. We have investigated morphology effect on the catalytic performance. The catalysts were characterized by means of low angle and wide angle XRD, BET, FT-IR, CHNOS, FE-SEM analysis. Because of high surface area, pore volume and high nitrogen content, which acts as lewis basic site, for the first time, carbon nitride is chosen for selective catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfure. Reaction was taken place in a fixed-bed reactor and at...
Synthesis and Characterization of Various Transition Metal Complexes and the Application in Oxidation, Heck, Suzuki, Sonogashira and Olefin Metathesis
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (Supervisor)
Abstract
In nature, catalysis is of vital importance in a wide variety of biochemical processes catalyzed by metalloenzymes. The functions performed by the metalloenzymes and their significance have inspired a range of biomimetic studies, and intense efforts have been concentrated on the synthesis of low molecular weight complexes to model the spectroscopic features of such enzymes. Concomitantly, a challenging frontier in the field of biomimetic chemistry is the development of highly reactive model compounds that are able to effect rapid and selective substrate conversion. Some important catalytic transformations that have gained attention in recent years involve the carbon-carbon coupling, olefin...
Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Application of Mn, Fe and Mo Complexes with Schiff base Ligands in the Oxidation of Olefins and Sulfides and Theoretical Mechanistic Studies on the Catalytic Activity of non-Heme Iron and Copper Enzymes
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (Supervisor)Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Application of Mn, Fe and Mo Complexes with Schiff base and Oxazoline ligands and Theoretical Mechanistic Studies on the Role of Heme and non-Heme Iron(IV)-Oxo Species in Hydroxylation and Epoxidation Reactions
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (Supervisor)
Abstract
The first part of this thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of several Mn, Fe and Mo complexes containing tridentate Schiff base and oxazoline ligands and their reactivities as catalysts in the oxidation of organic compounds like olefins and sulfides, as well. The crystal structures of newly prepared cis-dioxo-bis[2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazolinato]molybdenum(VI), cis-[MoO2(phox)2] and (N-hydroxyphenyl-salicylidenamine)(acetylacetonato)ethanol iron(III), [FeIII(N-OPh-sal)(acac)EtOH] complexes have been described by X-ray crystallography. Due to the difficulties in the preparation of suitable single crystals of novel...
Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Modified TiO2 Nanotubes for Studying of Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Properties
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moshfegh, Alireza (Supervisor) ; Azimirad, Rouhollah (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this research, first thin films with nanostructures of titanium nanotube arrays (TNAs) synthesized by anodization under different applied voltage (20- 60 V) and different reaction times (120 and 200 min). The electrolyte solution for synthesizing the samples contained 90% ethylene glycol (EG), 10% DI water, 0.1 M NHR4RF and a little HR3RPOR4R to reach the pH to 5.6. The synthesized samples crystallized under annealing treatment at 500 °C (with heating rate of 9.5 °CminP -1 P). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was indicate that the length and the inner diameter of the nanotubes have increased from 1.6 μm and 67 nm (for 30 V anodization and for 2h) to 4.2 μm and 125 nm (for...
Fabrication and Characterization of Cu2SnS3 and Cu2ZnSnS(e)4 Absorber Layers by Spray Pyrolysis Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mahdavi, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The Cu2ZnSnS(e)4 (CZTS(e)) quaternary and Cu2SnS3 (CTS) ternary componds with suitable optical and electrical properties have been considered as an emerging semiconductors for fabrication of thin-fim solar cells. So far, two technologies based on CdTe and CuInGaS(e)2 absorbers have achived efficiencies above 20%. However, these compounds contain toxic element Cd and rare elements such as In and Ga which, limited the development of these solar cells.In this research a 3-stage method was used for fabrication of CZTS(e) thin Films. In the first stage, CTS layers were deposited by spray pyrolysis method, in the second one, ZnS layers were also deposited on CTS layers by spray pyrolysis method...
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in the Presence of Nanocomposites Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride under Visible Light Illumination
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hamzehlouyan, Tayebeh (Supervisor) ; Rahman Setayesh, Shahrbanoo (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
The susceptible light-harvesting and tremendous reduction capability along with the potentiality (photo)electrochemical merits of the thiospinels like CuCo2S4 (CCS) bring forth appreciably an advancement in efficacious photocatalytic reactions. However, scant oxidation potential originated from 3p orbitals of sulfur atoms puts a damper on their performance and is even conducive to self-oxidation. In this research, the surfactant/template free of hierarchical CCS thiospinels was synthesized using solvothermal sulfidation of the affordable glycerate-based CuCo-alkoxide and successfully was embedded with Z-scheme V2O5 deposited on wrinkled g-C3N4 lamella (VO-UCN) in the interest of developing...
Design, Construction and Investigation of the Behavior of Electrocatalysts Based on Some Transition Multi Metals Nanostructures toward Electrochemical Water Splitting
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
Energy and the environment issues are among the most important concerns of the present age. Global demand for energy is growing rapidly and energy demand is projected to double within the next 15 years. However, today most of the energy consumption comes from fossil fuels, which have limited and unstable reserves and are among the sources of environmental pollution. Hence, the production and conversion of clean energy from renewable sources is considered as an intelligent solution to significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels and protect the environment. Fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water electrolysis are among the simplest, most efficient, and most reliable technologies among...
Fabrication of Nanocomposite Modified Materials Based on Bi-Metalic Transition Metal Sulfide Using Copper (I) Oxide Nanospheres as a Catalytic Substrate for Designation of Amperometric Non-Enzymatic Hydrazine and Hydrogen peroxide Sensors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, transition metal sulfide, with a high accessible surface and abundant electroactive centers, was used as an electrocatalyst to fabrication an electrochemical sensor of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. the direct growth of thin film of nanocomposite can be considered as an efficient method to modify the electrode surface, and the application of these modified electrodes as electrochemical sensors. the cobalt iron sulfide (CoFeS) nanosheets were directly grown on Cu2O nanospheres in order to design hierarchical nanocomposite by using efficient, inexpensive and fast method. Here, Cu2O nanospheres not only served as substrate, but also steer the CoFeS to attach on nanospheres...
Graphene/PbS as a novel counter electrode for quantum dot sensitized solar cells
, Article ACS Photonics ; Vol. 1, issue. 4 , March , 2014 , pp. 323-330 ; ISSN: 23304022 ; Samadpour, M ; Esfandiar, A ; Iraji Zad, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
PbS nanoparticles were in situ deposited on graphene sheets by a successive ionic liquid adsorption and reaction method to prepare a graphene/PbS composite counter electrode for CdS/CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Under 1 sun illumination, the cells with graphene/PbS counter electrodes (CEs) show a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 2.63%, which is remarkably higher than that of those employing PbS (1.28%) or graphene (0.23%) CEs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis shows that graphene/PbS composite counter electrodes have lower charge-transfer resistance at the interface of the CE and the polysulfide redox electrolyte, compared to those cells with PbS and...
CdS nanoparticle sensitized titanium dioxide decorated graphene for enhancing visible light induced photoanode
, Article Applied Surface Science ; Vol. 320, issue , 30 November , 2014 , pp. 772-779 ; ISSN: 01694332 ; Faraji, M ; Nien, Y. T ; Moshfegh, A. Z ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
CdS/TiO2/graphene (CTG) nanocomposite thin films were synthesized by a facile production route. The TiO2/graphene (TG) nanocomposite was initially fabricated by sol-gel method in such a way that TiO2 nanoparticles loaded on graphene oxide (GO) sheet via photocatalytic process. Then, CdS nanoparticles were deposited on the TG thin film by successive ion layer adsorption and reaction process (SILAR) approach. Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, the TG thin film possessed a larger surface area as compared with the pure TiO2 thin film due to presence of graphene sheet. UV/visible spectroscopy exhibited...
Synergism of oxygen vacancy and carbonaceous species on enhanced photocatalytic activity of electrospun ZnO-carbon nanofibers: Charge carrier scavengers mechanism
, Article Applied Catalysis A: General ; Volume 466 , September , 2013 , Pages 153-160 ; 0926860X (ISSN) ; Shivaee, H. A ; Pourjavadi, A ; Moshfegh, A. Z ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Novel ZnO-carbon and ZnO nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning of polymer precursor followed by subsequent annealing in nitrogen and air, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the smooth and beadless nanofibers with wurtzite crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of oxygen vacancies (VO) and chemisorbed O2 on the surface of the samples. Band gap narrowing of the ZnO-carbon nanofibers in comparison to ZnO were measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Photo-degradation of azo dye under the UV and visible light was evaluated and ZnO-carbon showed an enhancement in...
Study of the solubility of CO2, H2S and their mixture in the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: Experimental and modelling
, Article Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics ; Volume 65 , 2013 , Pages 220-232 ; 00219614 (ISSN) ; Ghotbi, C ; Taghikhani, V ; Jalili, A. H ; Mehdizadeh, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
New experimental results are presented for the solubility of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide in the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]) at temperatures range from (303.15 to 353.15) K and pressures up to about 2 MPa. The solubility of the mixture of CO2/H2S in [C8mim][PF6] under various feed compositions were also measured at temperatures of (303.15, 323.15 and 343.15) K and the pressure up to 1 MPa. The solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide increased with increasing pressure and decreased with increasing temperature and the solubility of H2S is about three times that of CO2 in the particular ionic liquid studied. The measured data were...
On the growth and photocatalytic activity of the vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grafted by CdS shells
, Article Applied Surface Science ; Volume 273 , July , 2013 , Pages 391-398 ; 01694332 (ISSN) ; Moradlou, O ; Bayati, M. R ; Nien, Y. T ; Moshfegh, A. Z ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
We have studied systematically photocatalytic properties of the vertically aligned ZnO@CdS core-shell nanorods where the features were grown through a multistep procedure including sol-gel for the formation of ZnO seed layer, hydrothermal process to grow ZnO nanorods, and successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process to deposit CdS nanoshells onto the ZnO nanorods. Formation of the ZnO seed layer and vertically aligned ZnO nanorods (d ∼ 40 nm) with a hexagonal cross-section was confirmed by AFM and SEM imaging. Successful capping of ZnO nanorods with homogeneous CdS nanocrystallites (∼5 nm) was ascertained by HRTEM diffraction and imaging. Optical properties of the samples...