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Flash photo stimulation of human neural stem cells on graphene/TiO 2 heterojunction for differentiation into neurons

Akhavan, O ; Sharif University of Technology | 2013

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02161k
  3. Publisher: 2013
  4. Abstract:
  5. For the application of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in neural regeneration and brain repair, it is necessary to stimulate hNSC differentiation towards neurons rather than glia. Due to the unique properties of graphene in stem cell differentiation, here we introduce reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/TiO2 heterojunction film as a biocompatible flash photo stimulator for effective differentiation of hNSCs into neurons. Using the stimulation, the number of cell nuclei on rGO/TiO2 increased by a factor of ∼1.5, while on GO/TiO2 and TiO2 it increased only ∼48 and 24%, respectively. Moreover, under optimum conditions of flash photo stimulation (10 mW cm-2 flash intensity and 15.0 mM ascorbic acid in cell culture medium) not only did the number of cell nuclei and neurons differentiated on rGO/TiO2 significantly increase (by factors of ∼2.5 and 3.6), but also the number of glial cells decreased (by a factor of ∼0.28). This resulted in a ∼23-fold increase in the neural to glial cell ratio. Such highly accelerated differentiation was assigned to electron injection from the photoexcited TiO2 into the cells on the rGO through Ti-C and Ti-O-C bonds. The role of ascorbic acid, as a scavenger of the photoexcited holes, in flash photo stimulation was studied at various concentrations and flash intensities
  6. Keywords:
  7. Cell culture mediums ; Neural regeneration ; Neural stem cell ; Optimum conditions ; Photo stimulations ; Photoexcited holes ; Reduced graphene oxides (RGO) ; Stem cell differentiation ; Ascorbic acid ; Biocompatibility ; Cell culture ; Graphene ; Heterojunctions ; Repair ; Stem cells ; Titanium dioxide ; Neurons ; Biomaterial ; Titanium ; Chemistry ; Culture medium ; Cytology ; Drug effect ; Human ; Metabolism ; Nerve cell ; Radiation exposure ; Ascorbic Acid ; Biocompatible Materials ; Catalysis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Graphite ; Humans ; Light ; Neural Stem Cells ; Titanium
  8. Source: Nanoscale ; Volume 5, Issue 21 , 2013 , Pages 10316-10326 ; 20403364 (ISSN)
  9. URL: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2013/NR/c3nr02161k