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Novel polyamide-based nanofibers prepared by electrospinning technique for headspace solid-phase microextraction of phenol and chlorophenols from environmental samples

Bagheri, H ; Sharif University of Technology | 2012

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.016
  3. Publisher: 2012
  4. Abstract:
  5. A novel solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was fabricated by electrospinning method in which a polymeric solution was converted to nanofibers using high voltages. A thin stainless steel wire was coated by the network of polymeric nanofibers. The polymeric nanofiber coating on the wire was mechanically stable due to the fine and continuous nanofibers formation around the wire with a three dimensional structure. Polyamide (nylon 6), due to its suitable characteristics was used to prepare the unbreakable SPME nanofiber. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of this new coating showed a diameter range of 100-200nm for polyamide nanofibers with a homogeneous and porous surface structure. The extraction efficiency of new coating was investigated for headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of some environmentally important chlorophenols from aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Effect of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength and polyamide amount were investigated and optimized. In order to improve the chromatographic behavior of phenolic compounds, all the analytes were derivatized prior to the extraction process using basic acetic anhydride. The detection limits of the method under optimized conditions were in the range of 2-10ngL -1. The relative standard deviations (RSD) (n=3) at the concentration level of 1.7-6.7ngmL -1 were obtained between 1 and 7.4%. The calibration curves of chlorophenols showed linearity in the range of 27-1330ngL -1 for phenol and monochlorophenols and 7-1000ngL -1 for dichloro and trichlorophenols. Also, the proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction of phenol and chlorophenols from real water samples and relative recoveries were between 84 and 98% for all the selected analytes except for 2,4,6 tricholophenol which was between 72 and 74%
  6. Keywords:
  7. Polyamide nanofiber ; Analytes ; Aqueous samples ; Calibration curves ; Concentration levels ; Detection limits ; Electrospinning method ; Electrospinning techniques ; Environmental sample ; Extraction efficiencies ; Extraction of phenol ; Extraction process ; Extraction temperatures ; Extraction time ; High voltage ; Mechanically stable ; Monochlorophenols ; Nylon-6 ; Optimized conditions ; Phenolic compounds ; Polymeric nanofibers ; Polymeric solution ; Relative standard deviations ; Scanning electron microscopy image ; Solid phase microextraction ; Solid-phase microextraction fibers ; Stainless steel wires ; Three-dimensional structure ; Water samples ; Chemicals removal (water treatment) ; Coatings ; Electrospinning ; Hydraulic structures ; Optimization ; Surface structure ; Wire ; 2 chlorophenol ; 2,4 dichlorophenol ; 2,4,6 trichlorophenol ; 4 chlorophenol ; Acetic anhydride ; Chlorophenol ; Nylon ; Phenol ; Polyamide ; Polymer ; Stainless steel ; Aqueous solution ; Chemical structure ; Concentration (parameters) ; Derivatization ; Electric potential ; Extraction ; Gas chromatography ; Headspace solid phase microextraction ; Ionic strength ; Limit of detection ; Mass spectrometry ; Material coating ; Particle size ; Priority journal ; Process optimization ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Temperature ; water sampling ; Caprolactam ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Nanofibers ; Nylons ; Osmolar Concentration ; Phenols ; Polymers ; Porosity ; Time Factors ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
  8. Source: Analytica Chimica Acta ; Volume 716 , 2012 , Pages 34-39 ; 00032670 (ISSN)
  9. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267011003631